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Computer Science > 1.1 Hardware and Communication > Flashcards

1.1 Hardware and Communication Flashcards

1
Q

HTTP

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

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2
Q

FTP

A

File transfer Protocol

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3
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

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4
Q

IMAP

A

Internet Message Access Protocol

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5
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

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6
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol

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7
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

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8
Q

IP Address

A

Internet Protocol Address

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9
Q

Internet

A

A network of networks that uses the internet protocols TCP/IP to link devices together

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10
Q

Handshaking

A

The agreement of protocols two devices will use to communicate, takes place through the transfer of a single byte of data

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11
Q

Protocols

A

The set of rules that govern how devices communicate, it is not possible for two devices to communicate without having the same protocols

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12
Q

Protocol stacks

A

When a packet is sent, there are many tasks that need to be completed before the packet arrives on time and whole. e.g. TCP/IP

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13
Q

TCP/IP stack

A

Is the stack used in most modern network transmissions.

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14
Q

What are the seven layers of TCP/IP stacks?

A

Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link, Physical

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15
Q

Give an example of something found on the Application layer?

A

HTTP or HTTPS or FTP

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16
Q

Give an example of something found on the Presentation layer?

A

ASCII or Encryption or PNG or MIDI

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17
Q

What happens in the Session layer?

A

Handshaking, e.g. Syn/Ack

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18
Q

Give an example of something found on the Transport layer?

A

UDP or TCP

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19
Q

What is found on the Network layer?

A

IP or routers

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20
Q

What is found on the Data link layer?

A

MAC or switches

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21
Q

What is found on the physical layer?

A

Cables

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22
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central Processing Unit

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23
Q

What does the CPU do?

A

Carries out all mathematical and logical operations necessary to execute any given instruction.

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24
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit

25
Q

CU

A

Control Unit

26
Q

Name the five different registers?

A

Program counter
Memory address register
Memory data register
Current instruction register
Accumulator

27
Q

What does the ALU do?

A

The ALU is responsible for completing all calculation and logical operations.

28
Q

What does the CU do?

A

Manages the execution of machine code by sending signals to the rest of the computer. It synchronises instruction by using the processors internal clock.

29
Q

What does the Program Counter do?

A

The program counter stores the address of the next instruction that is to be executed

30
Q

What does the Memory Address Register do?

A

The memory address register stores the location of the instruction or data to be fetched.

31
Q

Where are currently running programs stored?

A

Short term memory, e.g. RAM

32
Q

What does the Memory Data Register do?

A

The memory Data register stores the fetched instruction or data.

33
Q

What does the Current Instruction Register do?

A

The current instruction register stores a copied version of the instruction that has just been fetched from memory, so that the MDR can be freed up.

34
Q

MDR

A

Memory Data Register

35
Q

MAR

A

Memory Address Register

36
Q

PC

A

Program Counter

37
Q

CIR

A

Current Instruction Register

38
Q

ACC

A

Accumulator

39
Q

What does the Accumulator do?

A

The accumulator stores the result of any equations (logic or mathematic) that the ALU has completed

40
Q

Secondary Storage

A

Secondary storage stores all long term data that a computer needs like user files and operating systems

41
Q

What secondary storage devices are commonly used in desktop computers?

A

Magnetic Hard drives

42
Q

What secondary storage devices are commonly used in portable devices ?

A

Solid State Drives

43
Q

What is Parallel Processing?

A

Parallel processing is when a CPU completes multiple fetch-decode-execute cycles at the same time

44
Q

Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

A

Is a cycle that CPU’s use to complete tasks, they Fetch the instruction from memory, they Decode it into usable data, then they execute the instruction, each cycle happens very quickly

45
Q

Busses

A

Transport data from the RAM to the CPU

46
Q

Cache

A

Is memory that is placed between the processor and the main memory

47
Q

Disadvantages of Cache:

A

Cost, Space

48
Q

Advantages of Cache:

A

Faster, Efficiency

49
Q

Name three kinds of Input Devices:

A

Keyboards, Pointing devices, Data-Entry devices

50
Q

What is the purpose of Input Devices?

A

Allows data such as text, images, video or sound to be entered into a computer system

51
Q

Name three kinds of Output Devices:

A

Monitor, Speaker, Printer

52
Q

What is the purpose of Output Devices?

A

Allows data such as texts, images, videos and sounds to be outputted to the user from the computer system

53
Q

What are the three types of secondary storage?

A

Optical, Solid State, Magnetic

54
Q

Fragmentation

A

The Fragments of data within a storage device, these fragments take up more space

55
Q

De-Fragmentation

A

The process of sorting out fragments of data into whole sections again. This saves the space the fragments were taking up

56
Q

Should you De-fragment Solid State Drives?

A

No

57
Q

Byte

A

Is a collection of 8 bits

58
Q

Nyble

A

Is a collection of 4 bits

59
Q

Word

A

Is the total number of bits that can be manipulated as a single unit by the CPU

Computer Science (17 decks)

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