11- immunity Flashcards
(20 cards)
specific response includes
cellular response
humoral response
cellular
T lymphs respond to antigens presented on body cells
humoral
B lymphs where they produce antibodies in body fluids
T helper
- receptors on CSM binding to complementary antigens on APCs
produce interleukins(cytokine) stimulating B cells/phagocytes
(can form killer/memory)
T-killer
kill foreign/abnormal cells by producing perforin
makes holes in CSM-> becomes freely permeable to water, causes cell death
T memory
long term immunity
humoral response
use of B lymphocytes producing antibodies
B cells
have antibodies on CSM binding to complementary antigens
engulf antigens+APC
once activated(receptor binds), divide into plasma+memory
plasma cells
B cells that produce+secrete antibodies against specific antigen
short lifespan of few days
memory cells
B cell providing long term immunity against specific pathogen- longer lifespan
rapidly divide into plasma cells if body re-infected by same pathogen
helper T cells
bind to APC to activate division of B cells
Clonal SELECTION
B cell with the correct antibody is selected for cloning (by being activated by a T helper cell)
Clonal EXPANSION
DIVISION of specific B cells to produce genetically identical clones
explain how injection of antibodies into bloodstream can protect a person from disease after injection by a pathogen
- gives artificial immunity,
- fast acting/quick response/time not needed for immune response(clonal selection+expansion), - antibody binds to antigen on pathogen surface
- antibodies bind to toxins neutralising them/antibodies act as antitoxins
- facilitate and enhance phagocytosis
antibodies bind to antigen on pathogen(antigen binding site/variable region), constant region can bind to receptor on CSM of phagocytes
monoclonal antibodies
produced from single clone of plasma cells identical to each other
purpose of monoclonal antibodies in disease diagnosis
BIND to specific cell types + identify specific infected/abnormal cells
distinguish between diff pathogens
faster diagnosis
how are monoclonal antibodies used in disease treatment
BIND to SPECIFIC cells
bring therapeutic drugs with them
injected into a human to increase antibody rate of production
how binding of monoclonal antibody to diseased cells causes their destruction by cells of person’s immune system
immune response stimulated
antibody recognises non self antigens on pathogen
cytokines released by T helpers
secretes antibody
T killers cause cell death by secreting perforin
outline response produced by B lymphocytes on exposure to Morbillivirus in individual already having immunity
- secondary immune response
- memory B lymphocytes produced,
- clonal selection where T helpers bind to B cells,
- plasma cells secrete antibodies,
- faster production/higher levels of antibody,
- T helpers release cytokines
how vaccination with specific type of tumour specific antigen can lead to destruciton of tumour cells by T lymphocytes in body
- vaccination stimulates immune response
antigen presentation - antigen binds to specific complementary receptor on T lymphocyte
- cytotoxic T killer cell releases perforin, causing lysis of cell
