11 infectious disease Flashcards
(46 cards)
A disease is a condition that causes the body to function _____ effectively and produce specifics signs/______
less, symptoms
What is a pathogen?
A disease-causing organism
Examples of pathogens:
Virus, bacteria, parasites, fungi
Non-infectious disease is ____ caused by _______
not, pathogens
People get non-infectious diseases by _______, _______ ______ or _ ________
inheritance, environmental factors, a(n) (unhealthy) lifestyle
Ways infectious diseases spread:
1.
2.
3.
- droplets in the air
- direct contact
- contaminated food and water
Droplets in the air:
>when a person coughs or sneezes, numerous ________ ________ expelled. droplets may contain ________. people at close range may ________ the droplets and get _______
respiratory droplets, pathogens, breathe in (inhale), infected
Direct contact:
>when ________ ______ are exchanged during sexual intercourse. pathogens can be spread when ____/________ ________ of an infected person comes into contact with that of another person
bodily fluids, skin/mucous membrane
Contaminated food/water:
>food and water may be contaminated by ________, may occur when food and water not ________ ________/_________
pathogens, properly stored/handled
Examples of pathogens that spread through droplets in the air:
SARS-COV-2 (causing COVID-19), SARS-COV-1, measles, chickenpox (varicella zoster), influenza, pneumococcal disease
Examples of pathogens that spread thru direct contact (sexually transmitted illnesses):
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), gonorrhea, human papilloma virus (HPV), syphilis, herpes, chlamydia
Examples of pathogens that spread thru direct contact (mother to fetus):
hepatitis b, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chickenpox (varicella zoster), herpes
Examples of pathogens that spread thru contaminated food/water:
salmonella, norovirus, escherichia coli (e. coli), cholera (vibrio cholerae), typhoid fever
Methods preventing spread of water and food-borne illnesses:
-practice…
-good…
-clean…
-proper…
-practice hygienic food prep and storage
-good personal hygiene
-clean water supply
-proper sewage system
Methods preventing spread of illnesses spreading through droplets in the air:
-wear…
-…exposed surfaces
-practice…
-…regularly
-wear a mask
-wipe down and sanitize exposed surfaces
-practice social distancing
-wash hands regularly
Methods preventing spread of illnesses spreading through direct contact:
-practice…
-practice safe sex
Features & organelles of bacterial cells:
-c
-c
-c
-r
-p
-D
-f
-cell wall
-cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-plasmids (circular DNA)
-DNA
-1/more flagella
Linear double-stranded DNA molecule found in _______ _______ & ______ _____ while circular and coiled DNA (more stable than circular) are found in ________ _____
nuclei of animal & plant cells, in bacterial cells
Basic structure of a virus:
-a _______ coat called ______ around its ________, which is either DNA/RNA. has _______ _______ on its _____ _________ to allow them to enter cells
protein, capsid, genetic material, protein spikes, lipid envelope
Viruses do not have cellular structure like ______, ________ or ________.
cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles
Viruses need a living host to reproduce as they need to _______ a living cell, _________ cell functions and forcing cell to _________ of the virus from the instructions in its genetic material
enter, overtake, make copies
Symptoms of Influenza:
-f
-h
-c
-s
-c
-r
-m
-f
-fever
-headache
-cough
-sore throat
-chills
-runny nose
-muscle ache
-fatigue
Symptoms of Pneumococcal disease:
-f
-c
-s
-s
-v
-p
-fever
-cough
-shortness of breath
-severe headaches
-vomiting
-photophobia
Influenza is caused by the Influenza ______, and is transmitted via ________ __ ___ ___ or touching __________ objects then touching _____, ______ or _______
virus, droplets in the air, contaminated, mouth, nose, eyes
