8 excretion

Question 1

Excretion is ….

Answer 1

the removal of metabolic waste products from body

Question 2

Excretion is important as buildup of metabolic waste products is _____ to our bodies when they are over accumulated

Answer 2

toxic

Question 3

Metabolism can be categorized as _____ &_____

Answer 3

Catabolism, anabolism

Question 4

Anabolism is the _______ ___ of ______ substances into more ______ ones

Answer 4

building up, simpler, complex

Question 5

Catabolism is the _______ _____ of ________ substances into ________ ones

Answer 5

breaking down, complex, simpler

Question 6

Functions of kidneys:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 6

1. Excretion
2. Osmoregulation
3. Regulation of pH levels
4. Influence RBC production and blood pressure

Question 7

______ is the tube connecting kidneys to the bladder

Answer 7

Ureter

Question 8

______ is the elastic, muscular bag storing urine

Answer 8

Bladder

Question 9

The ______ brings blood from the heart to the kidneys, ________ _____ ____ brings blood away from the kidneys to the heart

Answer 9

Aorta, Inferior vena cava

Question 10

______ _____ bring blood from kidneys to inferior vena cava. It has the _______ concentration of urea as it was just filtered in the kidneys

Answer 10

Renal veins, lowest

Question 11

______ _____ are at the bottom of the urinary bladder. It controls flow of urine out of ______

Answer 11

Sphincter muscles, urethra

Question 12

_______ is the duct that lets urine pass through from the bladder to out of the body

Answer 12

Urethra

Question 13

Osmoregulation is …

Answer 13

the regulation of water and mineral salts content in body to suitable levels, maintaining constant water potential in blood.

Question 14

Too much water in blood plasma may cause ___ _______, too less water in blood plasma causes _______ in cells

Answer 14

cell lysis, crenation

Question 15

_________ _________ carries blood to the glomerulus and the ________ ________ carries blood away from the glomerulus

Answer 15

Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole

Question 16

Which is wider? Afferent or efferent arteriole?

Answer 16

Afferent.

Question 17

Why is afferent arteriole wider than the efferent arteriole?

Answer 17

To increase blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus, forcing blood plasma out of the ppm.
of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule via ultrafiltration.

Question 18

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus forms _______

Answer 18

Renal corpuscle

Question 19

Ultrafiltration is the __ stage of urine formation. It is when small particles are forced through the _________ __________ into the _________ __________ leaving the __________ _________

Answer 19

1st, glomerular capillaries, Bowman’s capsule, glomerular filtrate

Question 20

Glomerular filtrate contains
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Answer 20

1. Glucose
2. Urea
3. Amino acids
4. Ions
5. Vitamins
6. Water

Question 21

Glomerular filtrate DO NOT contain:
1.
2.

Answer 21

1. Red blood cells
2. Proteins

Question 22

Order of motion of glomerular filtrate in nephron:
Afferent arteriole->___->___->_____->____->____->____

Answer 22

glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Proximal convoluted tube, Loop of Henlé, Distal convoluted tube, collecting duct

Question 23

Selective absorption occurs at _____ & ______ via _____ & ______

Answer 23

Proximal convoluted tube, Loop of Henlé, osmosis, active transport

Question 24

_____, ______ & ______ are reabsorbed via osmosis and AT back into blood (at _______)

Answer 24

glucose, amino acids, mineral salts, peritubular capillaries

Question 25

The proximal convoluted tube requires high numbers of _______ to provide energy for AT & has ______ for quickest rate of diffusion

Answer 25

mitochondria, microvilli

Question 26

________ & ________ reabsorbs water

Answer 26

Loop of Henlé, DCT

Question 27

Causes of kidney failure: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer 27

1. Poorly managed diabetes, high blood pressure 2. Accidents 3. Long periods of dehydration 4. Poor blood flow

Question 28

Treatment of kidney failure: 1. 2.

Answer 28

1. Dialysis 2. Kidney transplant

Question 29

The function of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is to ....

Answer 29

control water potential of blood plasma

Question 30

ADH is produced at the _____ in the _____ & released by ______ into _____

Answer 30

hypothalamus, brain, pituitary gland, bloodstream

Question 31

ADH promotes _______ of water from ______ at ______ & ______ by _______ permeability of cells to water

Answer 31

Reabsorption, glomerular filtrate, DCT, collecting duct, increasing

Question 32

An increase of ADH leads to a(n) _______ in ________ of DCT and collecting duct, and a(n) ________ in reabsorption of water and a(n) _______ volume of urine

Answer 32

increase, permeability, increase, decrease

Question 33

This leads to a(n) _______ in concentration of urea/waste products in urine

Answer 33

increase

Question 34

Loss of water in blood plasma prompts ______ ADH to be released

Answer 34

more ## Footnote so DCT and collecting duct more permeable to water, more water reemeters bloodstream, water potential in blood plasma increases to normal. Urine is more concentrated

Question 34

An excess of water in blood plasma prompts ______ ADH to be released

Answer 34

lesser ## Footnote so DCT and collecting duct less permeable to water, less water reemeters bloodstream, water potential in blood plasma decreases to normal. Urine is less concentrated

Question 35

Factors affecting urine composition: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer 35

1. Protein rich diet 2. Heavy intake of glucose 3. Heavy intake of salty food 4. Large intake of liquids/water-rich food 5. Cold weather 6. Diabetes mellitus

Question 36

Increase in protein consumption -Leads to more _______ leading to more _______ in liver, causing increase in _____ in urine

Answer 36

amino acids, deamination, urea

Question 37

Heavy intake of glucose -Causes more _____ excreted in urine

Answer 37

glucose

Question 38

Heavy intake of salty food -Causes more ______ excreted in urine

Answer 38

salt

Question 39

Large intake of liquids/water-rich food -Causes more ______ excreted in urine

Answer 39

water

Question 40

Cold weather -Causes less ______ secretion -Leading to more ______ excreted in urine

Answer 40

sweat, water

Question 41

Diabetes mellitus -Causes considerable amounts of ______ excreted in urine -Due to excess ______ in bloodstream, which is unable to be stored as ______ as pancreas cannot secrete ______ -_____blood glucose levels as a result. -Nephrons unable to reabsorb glucose fast enough causing ....

Answer 41

Glucose, glucose, glycogen, insulin, high, increase in glucose excreted in urine