1.1 - Introduction to Human Development

Question 0

Which conceptual model of human development focuses on the primacy of human experience as shapers of behavior and wiring of the human brain?

Answer 0

Psychodynamic Model

Question 1

Which conceptual model focuses on understanding the structures and functions of man?

Answer 1

Biological Model

Question 2

It refers to a state of abnormality with the structures and functions of the body.

Answer 2

Disease

Question 3

It refers to a state of abnormality in the functions of the mind.

Answer 3

Disorder

Question 4

Which conceptual model posits that health can be understood by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors?

Answer 4

Biopsychosocial model

Question 5

This model of human development emphasizes on the influences of culture and relationships on man.

Answer 5

Socio-cultural model

Question 6

True or False: Basic human needs are relative.

Answer 6

False. Basic human needs are universal.

Question 7

It is the transferring of past feelings, experiences, and memories to the present.

Answer 7

Transference

Question 8

Which of the 3As is provided to the developing child conditionally?

Answer 8

Approval

Question 9

What 3As are part of the basic needs of children?

Answer 9

Affection, acceptance, and approval

Question 10

What 2Ds are part of the basic needs of children?

Answer 10

Discipline and demand

Question 11

Which unit of society is most capable of providing a child’s basic needs?

Answer 11

Family

Question 12

Which Freudian stage of psychosexual development is marked by the conflict of autonomy vs. shame?

Answer 12

Anal stage

Question 13

It is the first stage in Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, occuring from 0-1.5 years.

Answer 13

Oral stage

Question 14

What conflict characterizes the phallic stage of psychosexual development?

Answer 14

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 15

At what age does the infant learn to recognize the human face?

Answer 15

Three months

Question 16

At the age does the infant learn to display selective attachment and stranger anxiety?

Answer 16

6-8 months

Question 17

Which stage of development is marked by active exploration and clearer evidence of emotions?

Answer 17

Toddler (1.5-3 years)

Question 18

A teddy bear that provides psychological comfort when the primary caregiver is away is an example of _______________.

Answer 18

Transitional object

Question 19

It refers to the attribution of causal relationships between thoughts, actions, or events that occurs during the toddler stage of development.

Answer 19

Magical thinking

Question 20

It is the biologically determined tendency of a young child to seek proximity to the parent in times of stress.

Answer 20

Attachment

Question 21

True or False: At 2-7 months, a child learns to display discriminating sociability according to Bowlby’s phases of attachment development.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

When babies are attuned to their mothers and vice versa, they exhibit a __________ type of attachment.

Answer 22

Secure

Question 23

Overstimulating or understimulating mothers may cause their babies to develop a ____________ type of attachment.

Answer 23

Insecure

Question 24

Which stage of human development is characterized by remarkable physical and emotional growth, language development, and increased awareness of body parts?

Answer 24

Pre-school age/Phallic

Question 25

It is the process of formation of values that results from identifying with the values of parents, occuring during the pre-school age.

Answer 25

Superego formation

Question 26

Which stage of development is characterized by a triangulated relationship with parents?

Answer 26

Pre-school age

Question 27

What conflict arises during the preschool age?

Answer 27

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 28

At this stage of human development, a child loses his ascribed role at home and must seek to achieve a new role or status.

Answer 28

School age/Latency

Question 29

At what age does our brain reach its adult volume?

Answer 29

11 years

Question 30

During this stage, same-sex grouping becomes polarized, and the opposite gender is often avoided or teased.

Answer 30

School age

Question 31

True or False: Identity vs. Role Diffusion is the basic conflict during school age.

Answer 31

False. Industry vs. Inferiority is the primary conflict during school age.

Question 32

It is the awkward period between the onset of sexual maturation and attaining adult status in society.

Answer 32

Adolescence

Question 33

True or False: Puberty is the psychological state of mind that occurs from 10-21 years of age.

Answer 33

False. Puberty refers to physical changes brought about by intense hormonal secretions during sexual maturation. Adolescence is the psychological state of mind at this point in development.

Question 34

Puberty results from the activation of which anatomical structure?

Answer 34

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

Question 35

It is the extensive loss of cortical synapses during puberty.

Answer 35

Synaptic pruning

Question 36

True or False: Pruning of serotonin neurons increases impulsivity.

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

Which part of the brain is the seat of executive functions such as planning, judgment, decision-making, and memory?

Answer 37

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

Question 38

True or False: The limbic system and the cerebellum constitutes the midbrain reward system.

Answer 38

False. The ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens make up the midbrain reward system.

Question 39

At what phase of adolescence (early, middle, or late) do parents feel alienated due to the adolescent's heightened need for privacy?

Answer 39

Early adolescence (12-14 years)

Question 40

During ________ adolescence, loyalty to peers and identification with a subculture becomes an obsession.

Answer 40

Middle (14-17 years)

Question 41

What conflict is manifested during adolescence?

Answer 41

Identity vs. Role Diffusion

Question 42

At this stage, the adolescent's friendships begin to be marked by shared interests and less by group identity.

Answer 42

Late adolescence

Question 43

What basic conflict manifests during early adulthood?

Answer 43

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Question 44

This is stage is marked by the prime of one's life or career.

Answer 44

Middle adulthood (40-65 years)

Question 45

Generativity vs. Stagnation is a conflict seen during ___________.

Answer 45

Middle adulthood

Question 46

What conflict is present during late adulthood?

Answer 46

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 47

This stage of human development is marked by recapitulation, reflection, and a wish to contribute.

Answer 47

Late adulthood

Question 48

Which stage of adult life is marked by the empty nest syndrome?

Answer 48

Middle adulthood

Question 49

During this stage, people assume major social roles and explore options for occupation, marriage, or alternative relationships.

Answer 49

Early adulthood (21-39 years)