1 - Monomers, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides Flashcards
What is a monomer?
Smaller units which can create larger molecules
What is a polymer?
Made up from lots of monomer bonded together
What is the monomer in DNA and RNA
nucleotide
What is the monomer in starch, cellulose and glycogen?
Glucose
What is the monomer in proteins?
Amino acid
What are all carbohydrates made from?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
What are the monosaccharides? (3)
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
What are the disaccharides? (3)
- Sucrose
- Maltose
- Lactose
What are the polysaccharides? (3)
- Starch
- Cellulose
- Glycogen
What is the displayed formula of alpha glucose?
What is the formula of beta glucose?
What is an isomer?
Same molecular formula different structure
How do monosaccharides join together? (2)
- Glycosidic bond
- Condensation reaction
What is maltose made from?
Glucose and glucose
What is lactose made from?
Glucose and galactose
What is sucrose made from?
Glucose and fructose
What is a condensation reaction?
Joining of molecules by removing water
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Splitting molecules through the addition of water
Starch:
- Formed from?
- Found in?
- Function?
- Two polymers of alpha glucose amylose and amylopectin
- In starch grains inside plants
- Insoluble store of glucose. Insoluble so doesn’t affect water potential. Branched so rapid hydrolysis.
Where and what is cellulose?
- Plants
- Structural strength
Where and what is glycogen?
- Animals
- Stores glucose
Amylose:
- How is it formed?
- What forms?
- Structure
- Condensation reaction
- 1:4 glycosidic bond
- Helix
Amylopectin:
- What forms?
- Structure
- 1:4 and 1:6 glycosidic bond
- Branched
Glycogen:
- Monomers?
- Bonds?
- Function?
- Location?
- Structure?
- Structure to function?
- Alpha glucose
- 1:4 and 1:6 glycosidic bonds
- Insoluble store of glucose
- Muscle and liver cells of animals
- Highly branched
- Branched so increased surface area for hydrolysis back to glucose. Insoluble so doesn’t affect water potential
