11 Nervous system/brain

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

allows communication from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

Question 2

brain functions

Answer 2

movement, emotions, and subconscious actions.

Question 3

neurons

Answer 3

are nerve cells that send and receive signals/electrical impulses from the brain

Question 4

reflex arc

Answer 4

• involuntary movements
  -involves a motor response to a sensory stimulus

Question 5

spinal cord

Answer 5

receives and transfers information to the brain

Question 6

CNS vs PNS

Answer 6

CNS: brain, spinal cord
PNS: cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia outside brain and spinal cord

Question 7

sensory neurons

Answer 7

afferent neurons
carry info from stimulus receptors to CNS

Question 8

motor neurons

Answer 8

efferent neurons
carry info from brain/spinal cord to muscle fibers and glands

Question 9

interneurons

Answer 9

transmit signals to motor neurons

Question 10

somatic nervous system

Answer 10

carry motor and sensory info both to and from CNS

Question 11

PNS

Answer 11

has somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 12

autonomic reflex arcs

Answer 12

impact organs

Question 13

somatic reflex arcs

Answer 13

impact muscles

Question 14

autonomic nervous system

Answer 14

modulates respiration, heart rate, BP, digestion, reproduction response, immune response

Question 15

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

• associated w/ fight or flight
• energy directed away from digestion and to increasing heart rate, dilation of pupils, increased perspirations and salvation, increase breathing etc.

Question 16

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

• associated with relaxed state
• pupils contract, energy is diverted for digestion of food, heart rate slows etc.

Question 17

dendrites

Answer 17

receive and carry electrical impulses to cell

Question 18

axon

Answer 18

carry impulses away from cell and transmit to next neuron

Question 19

glia cells

Answer 19

specialized cells that provide neurons with nourishment, protection, and structural support
- ex: Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes

Question 20

Schwann cells

Answer 20

myelinate the axons in the PNS

Question 21

oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

myelinate axons in CNS

Question 22

grey matter

Answer 22

receives and stores impulses in brain
- where cell bodies of neurons and neuroglia are located
- on the surface of brain
- on the inside of spinal cord

Question 23

white matter

Answer 23

in brain it carries impulses to and from grey matter
- in inner brain
- in outer spinal cord

Question 24

meninges

Answer 24

protective tissue that covers brain and spinal cord

Question 25

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 25

forms a chemical environment that allows nerve fibers to transmit information effectively and it forms another layer of protection

Question 26

cerebral cortex

Answer 26

surface of brain

Question 27

sulcus

Answer 27

groove

Question 28

gyrus

Answer 28

bump

Question 29

cerebrum

Answer 29

responsible for things such as memory, speech, voluntary behaviors, and thought - divided into 2 hemispheres

Question 30

frontal lobe

Answer 30

associated with higher cognition, voluntary movements, and language

Question 31

parietal lobe

Answer 31

associated with processing sensory information

Question 32

temporal lobe

Answer 32

associated with hearing and interpreting sounds as well as the formation of memories

Question 33

occipital lobe

Answer 33

associated with visual processes

Question 34

cerebellum

Answer 34

is located under the cerebrum and coordinates muscle movements, and maintains posture and balance

Question 35

brainstem

Answer 35

- includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla - It acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord - It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.

Question 36

plasticity

Answer 36

we learn and can modify our behavior and even some reflexes to suit changing situations

Question 37

memory has 3 phases

Answer 37

encoding (deciding what to remember) storing recalling

Question 38

short term memory

Answer 38

- working memory - it stores information for about one minute and its capacity is limited to about 7 items

Question 39

long term memory

Answer 39

is processed in the hippocampus of the temporal lobe and is activated when you want to memorize something for a longer time. This memory has unlimited content and duration capacity

Question 40

skill memory

Answer 40

is processed in the cerebellum, which relays information to the basal ganglia. It stores automatic learned memories like tying a shoe, playing an instrument, or riding a bike.