Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

General Pathology > 11 - Respiratory Tract and Lung Diseases (Exam 3) > Flashcards

11 - Respiratory Tract and Lung Diseases (Exam 3) Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 2 major functions of the respiratory tract?

A
  1. Gas exchange site

2. Secondary maintenance of normal pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Collapse of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 categories of atelectasis?

A
  1. Compression atelectasis
  2. Resorption atelectasis
  3. Microatelectasis
  4. Contraction atelectasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is compression atelectasis caused by?

A

Compression of lungs by material in pleural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is resorption atelectasis most commonly caused by?

A

Obstruction of bronchus by mucous or muco-purulent plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is another name for microatelectasis?

A

Neonatal lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is microatelectasis caused by?

A

Loss of surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is contraction atelectasis caused by?

A

Fibrotic changes that interfere with expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is true of all obstructive lung diseases?

A

Airflow to gas exchange surfaces is limited due to partial or complete obstruction of the airway
Forced vital capacity is normal
Expiratory flow rate is decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 6 types of obstructive lung diseases?

A
  1. Asthma
  2. Emphysema
  3. Chronic bronchitis
  4. Cystic fibrosis
  5. Brochioectasis
  6. Bronchiolitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is asthma?

A

Episodic bronchiospasms resulting from an exaggerated broncho-restrictor response
Common in the general population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 2 types of asthma?

A
  1. Extrinsic asthma

2. Intrinsic asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which type of asthma is more well understood?

A

Extrinsic asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 5 clinical signs of asthma?

A
  1. Dyspnea (abnormal breath)
  2. Wheezing
  3. Difficulty with expiration
  4. Hypercapnea
  5. Acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A

Airflow obstruction resulting in difficulty with expiration

Known as COPD for short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 2 causes of COPD that commonly coexist?

A
  1. Chronic bronchitis

2. Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Destruction of the airspace walls distal to the terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of people most commonly have emphysema? Do they usually have symptoms?

A

Smokers

Usually asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 2 types of emphysema, and where is each more common?

A
  1. Centriacinar emphysema (upper lung lobes)

2. Panacinar emphysema (lower lung lobes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 6 clinical signs of emphysema?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Dyspnea
  2. Cough and wheezing (from chronic bronchitis)
  3. Weight loss
  4. Prolonged expiration
  5. Changes in posture (to help squeeze air out)
  6. Hypoxia (resulting in cyanosis)
21
Q

Where is heart failure likely with emphysema and why?

Study These Flashcards
A

Right side heart failure

Due to increased resistance to blood flow in lung tissue

22
Q

What are 3 forms of chronic bronchitis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Simple chronic bronchitis
  2. Chronic mucopurulent bronchitis
  3. Chronic asthmatic bronchitis
23
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles

Due to destruction of muscle and elastic tissue

24
Q

What areas of the lung does bronchiectasis usually affect?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dependent areas

Such as inferior aspect

25
What is restrictive lung disease also called?
Interstitial lung disease
26
What is restrictive lung disease characterized by?
Reduced compliance
27
What is acute restrictive lung disease?
RLD with acute onset | Diffuse alveolar damage is caused
28
What are 5 possible causes of ARDs?
1. Infection 2. Physical injury 3. Inhaled irritants 4. Chemical injury 5. Uremia
29
What is chronic restrictive lung disease?
RLD that develops over time from low grade inflammation
30
What are 2 causes of CRLDs?
1. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | 2. Sarcoidosis
31
What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis also known as?
Allergic alveolitis
32
Where are most emboli of vascular lung diseases found?
In veins as right-sided cardiac thrombi
33
In what type of people are vascular lung diseases very common?
Hospitalized patients | Due to factors such as prolonged bed rest
34
How are pneumonias classified?
1. By type of microbe 2. By location 3. By type of occurence
35
How do lobar and lobular pneumonias differ?
Lobar - entire lobe | Lobular - part of one lobe
36
What is bronchopneumonia?
Pneumonia involving more than one lobe | Patchy distribution of inflammation
37
What is interstitial pneumonia also known as?
Pneumonitis
38
What tissues does interstitial pneumonia deal with?
Alveoli and interstitial tissue
39
What is the difference between primary and secondary pneumonia?
Primary - Associated with direct pathogen inhalation | Secondary - Occurs after lungs have been damaged
40
What is pneumoconiosis associated with?
Reaction to the inhalation of inorganic dust
41
What are 4 examples of inorganic dusts that may cause pneumoconiosis?
1. Coal dust 2. Silica 3. Beryllium 4. Asbestos
42
What disease is associated with breathing in coal dust?
Black lung | also known as anthracosis
43
What forms of silica are most reactive and which are least reactive?
Most - Crystalline (such as quartz) | Least - Non crystalline (such as talc)
44
What does inhalation of silica cause?
Silicosis
45
What does inhalation of beryllium cause?
Berylliosis
46
What are industries commonly associated with berylliosis?
Nuclear | Aerospace
47
What does inhalation of asbestos cause?
Asbestosis
48
What is the primary pulmonary neoplasia associated with smoking and asbestos exposure?
Bronchial carcinoma
49
What disease is associated with exposure to asbestos and has a very long latent period?
Malignant mesothelioma

General Pathology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions