1.1 skeletal and muscular system Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
functions of the skeleton
A
- shape and support
- muscle attachment for movement
- protection
- red blood cell production
2
Q
how do bones provide shape and support
A
- forms frame
- to which muscles can attach
- and organs can sit
3
Q
how do bones allow muscle attachment for movement
A
- muscles attached to skeleton
- mvmt occurts when muscles contract
- pull on bones
- make them move about a joint
4
Q
how do bones provide protection for vital organs
A
- internal organs are soft, delicate, easily damaged
- protected by skeleton
5
Q
how do bones produce blood
A
- centre of some large bones contains red bone marrow
- creates rbc
6
Q
cranium bone type
A
flat
7
Q
clavicle bone type
A
long
8
Q
scapula bone type
A
flat
9
Q
humerus bone type
A
long
10
Q
radius bone type
A
long
11
Q
ulna bone type
A
long
12
Q
carpals bone type
A
short
13
Q
metacarpals bone type
A
long
14
Q
phalanges bone type
A
long
15
Q
ribs bone type
A
flat
16
Q
pelvis bone type
A
flat
17
Q
femur bone type
A
long
18
Q
tibia bone type
A
long
19
Q
fibula bone type
A
long
20
Q
patella bone type
A
short
21
Q
talus bone type
A
short
22
Q
tarsals bone type
A
short
23
Q
metatarsals bone type
A
long
24
Q
function of long bones
A
- act as levers
- to produce large range of movement
25
function of short bones
- provide stability of support
- with little movement
26
function of flat bones
- provide large surface area for muscles to attach to
- provide protection for organs
27
function of irregular bones
- provide protection and support
- shaped to suit specific role
28
types of joint
- fixed or immovable joints / fibrous joints
- slightly movable / cartilaginous joints
- freely movable joints / synovial joints
29
types of synovial joints
- ball and socket
- hinge
30
where are fixed joints found
cranium
31
where are cartilaginous joints found
- vertebral column
- ribs
32
parts of synovial joint
- synovial membrane
- synovial fluid
- joint (fibrous) capsule
- cartilage
- ligaments
33
function of synovial membrane
surrounds joint capsule with synovial fluid
34
function of synovial fluid
- act as a lubricant
- reduce friction
- allow for smoother mvmt
- reduce wear and tear
35
function of joint capsule
- surrounds and protects joint
- hold bones tg
36
function of cartilage
- act as a cushion
- shock absorber
- reduce friction
37
function of ligaments
- hold bones tg
- keep them in place
38
injury in ball and socket vs hinge joint
- b&s has larger rom
- less stable
- more injury prone
39
types of movement
- flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
- rotation
40
role of latissimus dorsi
- pull arm down at shoulder
- draw behind back
41
role of trapezius
- hold and rotate shoulders
- move head back and sideways
42
role of deltoid
- raise arm forwards, backwards, sideways at shoulder
43
role of pectorals
- move arm at shoulder
- through adduction
44
role of biceps
- bend arm at elbow
45
role of triceps
- straighten arm at elbow
46
role of abdominals
- flex spine so can bend forwards
- create pull in abdomen
47
role of gluteals
- pull leg back at hip
- raise leg sideways at hip
48
role of hip flexors
- support mvmt of leg and knee upwards
49
role of hamstring group
- bend leg at knee
50
role of quadriceps group
- straighten leg at knee
51
role of gastrocnemius
- straighten ankle joint
- so can stand on tip-toe
52
role of tibialis anterior
- help with dorsiflexion
- pull foot toward shin
53
role of tendons in muscle action
- join muscles to bones
- strong, able to withstand tension created when muscles contract
54
55
what is the agonist
muscle that contracts to create movement
56
what is the antagonist
muscle that relaxes during movment
57
origin and joint of biceps
scapula, shoulder
58
insertion and joint of biceps
radius, elbow
59
origin and joint of triceps
scapula, shoulder
60
insertion and joint of triceps
ulna, elbow
61
origin and joint of hamstring
femur, hip
62
insertion and joint of hamstring
tibia, knee
63
origin and joint of quadriceps
femur, hip
64
insertion and joint of quadriceps
tibia, knee
65
origin and joint of tibialis anterior
tibia, knee
66
insertion and joint of tibialis anterior
tarsals, ankle
67
origin and joint of gastrocnemius
femur, knee
68
insertion and joint of gastrocnemius
knee, as achilles tendon to the heel
69
antagonistic pairs
- biceps, triceps
- gluteals, hip flexors
- hamstrings, quadriceps
- pectorals, latissimus dorsi
- gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior
70
muscle fibre types
- slow twitch
- fast twitch
71
features of slow twitch muscles
- contract slowly
- low force production
- high fatigue tolerance
- aerobic energy supply
72
features of fast twitch musles
- contract quickly
- large force production
- low fatigue tolerance
- anaerobic energy supply
