11. Spleen

Question 1

functions mainly as a blood filter, removing old red blood cells. It also plays a role in both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

Answer 1

spleen

Question 2

the spleen is located in the

Answer 2

upper left quadrant of the abdomen, under cover of the diaphragm and the ribcage

Question 3

Spleen – is an intraperitoneal organ, entirely surrounded by peritoneum except at the

Answer 3

splenic hilum

Question 4

The spleen is connected to the stomach and kidney by parts of the

Answer 4

greater omentum – a double fold of peritoneum that originates from the stomach
•Gastrosplenic ligament
•Splenorenal ligament

Question 5

anterior to the splenic hilum, connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach.

Answer 5

gastrosplenc ligament

Question 6

posterior to the splenic hilum, connects the hilum of the spleen to the left kidney. The splenic vessels and tail of the pancreas lie within this ligament

Answer 6

Splenorenal ligament

Question 7

between Splenorenal ligament
and Gastrosplenic ligament
is the

Answer 7

lesser sac

Question 8

outer surface of the spleen can be anatomically divided into

Answer 8

• Diaphragmatic surface

* Visceral surface

Question 9

this surface of the spleen is smooth

Answer 9

posteromedial and ifneiror borders

Question 10

this surface of the spleen contain notches

Answer 10

anterior and superior borders

Question 11

enlargement of the spleen (known as splenomegaly) the ______moves inferomedially, and its notches can be palpated.

Answer 11

superior border

Question 12

posterior to the splen are the ribs

Answer 12

9-11

Question 13

The spleen is a highly vascular organ. It receives most of its arterial supply from the

Answer 13

splenic artery

Question 14

splenic artery arises from

Answer 14

celiac trunk

Question 15

splenic artery. – this vessel arises from the coeliac trunk, running laterally along the superior aspect of the pancreas, within this structure

Answer 15

splenorenal ligament

Question 16

removal of one of the segments of the spleen without affecting the others

Answer 16

subtotal splenectomy

Question 17

Venous drainage occurs through the splenic vein. It combines with the superior mesenteric vein to form the

Answer 17

hepatic portal vein

Question 18

nerve supply of the spleen comes from

Answer 18

celiac plexus

Question 19

The lymphatic vessels of the spleen follow the splenic vessels mentioned above and drain into the

Answer 19

pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes

Question 20

abdominal organ with the highest incidence of injury.

Answer 20

spleen

Question 21

A splenic rupture occurs when there is a break in its

Answer 21

fibroelastic capsule - disrupting the underlying parenchyma.

Question 22

splenic rupture is often associated with

Answer 22

left rib fractures -bony fragment easily tearing the capsule.

Question 23

The liver and bone marrow take over some of the functions of the spleen, however, an individual who has no spleen are at risk to

Answer 23

bacterial infections and – requires life long antibiotics.

Question 24

Indications for splenectomy

Answer 24

• injury to the spleen and subsequent haemorrhage are life threatening
• haemolytic anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hypersplenism and prolieferative disorders such as myelofibrosis of lymphoma.

Question 25

this ligament carries the short gastric, left gastroepiploic vessels

Answer 25

gastrosplenic ligament

Question 26

this ligament carries the splenic vessels

Answer 26

splenicorenal ligament

Question 27

thick, fusiform, muscles of the loin

Answer 27

psoas major

Question 28

large, triangular on the lateral side of the psoas major

Answer 28

iliacus

Question 29

quadrilateral muscles

Answer 29

quadratus lumborum

Question 30

lumbar plexus is formed within this muscle

Answer 30

Psoas major muscle

Question 31

lumbar plexus formed by ventral rami of

Answer 31

L1-L4 | also receives contributins from T12

Question 32

branches of the lumbar plexus emerge from ___ of the psoas

Answer 32

lateral and medial borders | anterior surface

Question 33

network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the lower limb.

Answer 33

lumbar plexus

Question 34

lumbar pelxus is anterior to this structure

Answer 34

anterior to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

Question 35

The spinal nerves L1 – L4 form the basis of the lumbar plexus. At each vertebral level, paired spinal nerves leave the spinal cord via the

Answer 35

intervertebral foramina of the vertebral column

Question 36

branches of the lumbar plexus

Answer 36

1. Iliohypogastric Nerve 2. Ilioinguinal Nerve 3. Genitofemoral Nerve 4. Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh 5. Obturator Nerve 6. Femoral Nerve I, I Get Leftovers On Fridays.

Question 37

first major branch of the lumbar plexus

Answer 37

iliohypogastric nerve

Question 38

iliohypogastric nerve perforates this muscle

Answer 38

transversus abdominis

Question 39

roots of Iliohypogastric Nerve

Answer 39

L1 (with contributions from T12)

Question 40

This nerve runs to the iliac crest, across the quadratus lumborum muscle of the posterior abdominal wall. It then perforates the transversus abdominis, and divides into its terminal branches.

Answer 40

iliohypogastric nerve

Question 41

motor and sensory fx of iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 41

Motor Functions: Innervates the internal oblique and transversus abdominis. Sensory Functions: Innervates the posterolateral gluteal skin in the pubic region

Question 42

After innervating the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, it passes through the superficial inguinal ring to innervate the skin of the genitalia and middle thigh.

Answer 42

Ilioinguinal Nerve

Question 43

root of Ilioinguinal Nerve

Answer 43

L1

Question 44

root of Genitofemoral Nerve

Answer 44

L1,L2

Question 45

root of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

Answer 45

L2,L3

Question 46

root of Obturator Nerve

Answer 46

L2,3,4

Question 47

root of femoral nerve

Answer 47

L2,3,4

Question 48

motor fx of ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 48

Innervates the internal oblique and transversus abdominis.

Question 49

sensory fx of ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 49

* Innervates the skin on the superior antero-medial thigh. * males, it also supplies the skin over the root of the penis and anterior scrotum. * females, it supplies the skin over mons pubis and labia majora.

Question 50

After leaving the psoas major muscle, the genitofemoral nerve quickly divides into

Answer 50

* genital branch | * femoral branch

Question 51

motor fx of genitofemoral nerve

Answer 51

The genital branch innervates the cremasteric muscle.

Question 52

sensory fx of genitofemoral nerve

Answer 52

* genital branch innervates the skin of the anterior scrotum (in males) or the skin over mons pubis and labia majora (in females). * femoral branch innervates the skin on the upper anterior thigh.

Question 53

This nerve has a purely sensory function. It enters the thigh at the lateral aspect of the inguinal ligament, where it provides cutaneous innervation to the skin there.

Answer 53

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

Question 54

sensory fx of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

Answer 54

Innervates the anterior and lateral thigh down to the level of the knee.

Question 55

motor fx of obturator nerve

Answer 55

Innervates the muscles of the medial thigh – the obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus and gracilis.

Question 56

sensory fx of Obturator nerve

Answer 56

Innervates the skin over the medial thigh.

Question 57

motor fx Femoral Nerve

Answer 57

Innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh – the illiacus, pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris.

Question 58

sensory fx | femoral nerve

Answer 58

Innervates the skin on the anterior thigh and the medial leg.