Chapter 12 Flashcards
State the uses of energy in the body of humans
muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant body temperature
What respiration in cells require?
Action by enzymes
aerobic respiration
the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
State the word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Investigate the uptake of oxygen by respiring organisms, such as arthropods and germinating seeds
Investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration of germinating seeds
anaerobic respiration
the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen
State the word equations for anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise
glucose → lactic acid
State the word equations for anaerobic respiration in muscles for the microorganism yeast
glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
State the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in the microorganism yeast
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Comparison of energy released for anaerobic and aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration
Oxygen debt
lactic acid builds up in the muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an oxygen debt. Oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration to break down the lactic acid.
How is oxygen debt removed during recovery?
aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver. After exercise, there is a fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in blood from muscles to the liver and it leads to deeper breathing supplying oxygen for aerobic respiration of lactic acid
