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Reproductive > Gynaecological Conditions > Flashcards

Gynaecological Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Infection
Smoking
Surgery
Endometriosis

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2
Q

In which condition is Rosvig’s sign seen?

A

Appendicitis

When LIF palpated, it elicits pain in the RIF.

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3
Q

What tests should be carried out if suspicious of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

FBC
CRP
LFTs
Genital swab

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4
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Ascending infection of the endocervix.

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5
Q

What can cause pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Gardenella
Anaerobes

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6
Q

How is PID treated?

A

14 day course of metronidazole and doxycycline.

Removal of coil (if present) - replace with alternative contraception.

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7
Q

What are non-menstrual causes of heavy bleeding?

A

Miscarriage
Cervical cancer
Endometrial cancer
Vaginal trauma

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8
Q

What are causes of heavy bleeding during menstruation?

A

Anovulation (in the very young and very old)
Fibroids
Anticoagulation
Von-Willebrand’s disease

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9
Q

What is a fibroid also known as?

A

Leiomyoma

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10
Q

What should be performed in a 40/50yo with heavy bleeding?

A

Endometrial biopsy

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11
Q

What is the function of tranexamic acid?

A

Prevents the body breaking down its own clots.

It is a fibrinolytic agent.

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12
Q

What type of medication is mefenamic acid?

A

NSAID

Acts to reduce bloodflow to the womb.

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13
Q

Which 2 medications, when given in combination, reduce bleeding by around 50%?

A

Tranexamic acid

Mefenamic acid

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14
Q

How should a Bartholin’s cyst be treated?

A

Drain abscess

Give broad spectrum antibiotics

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15
Q

What is lichen sclerosus?

A

An inflammatory, scarring dermatosis of the anogenital skin of unknown causation.

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16
Q

What symptoms are seen in lichen sclerosus?

A

Itch (worse at night)
Pain
Dyspareunia

17
Q

How does lichen sclerosus appear?

A

Ivory white papules and plaques on the vulval skin.

Can affect anus, but NOT the vaginal mucosa.

18
Q

What is the main differential to lichen sclerosus?

A

Lichen planus

This will affect the vaginal mucosa. Will also affect the mouth, nails and hair.

19
Q

What is the main complication of lichen sclerosus?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

20
Q

How is lichen sclerosus managed?

A

Skin care
Emollients
Super potent steroids (e.g. clobetasol propionate)

21
Q

What does genitourinary syndrome in menopause produce?

A 
Narrowing of the vaginal opening
Atrophy of the labia
Loss of vaginal length
Petechial haemorrhage
Urinary symptoms
22
Q

How is genitourinary syndrome in menopause treated?

A

Vaginal oestrogens in the form of a cream or ring.

23
Q

Is there a risk of endometrial hyperplasia from vagina oestrogens?

A

No

24
Q

What is vaginismus?

A

A condition developed secondary to pain, in that the body anticipates pain (during sex) and so muscles around the vagina tighten.

Makes intimacy more painful.

25
Q

How can vaginismus be circumvented?

A

Perineal massage
Lubricants
Vibrators

Combination of these is most effective.

26
Q

What is vulvodynia?

A

Vulval discomfort occurring in the absence of a relevant causation.

This is a diagnosis of exclusion.

27
Q

How is vulvodynia treated?

A

Genital skin care
Emollients
Ointments
Physiotherapy

28
Q

What is female genital mutilation?

A

Any procedure involving the partial/total removal of the external female genitalia for a non-medical reason.

29
Q

Is female genital mutilation illegal?

A

Yes

30
Q

What is the name of the surgical procedure performed to correct female genital mutilation?

A

De-infibulation

31
Q

What is usually present in lichen sclerosus?

A

Another dermatological manifestation of an autoimmune condition.

32
Q

What causes vulvovaginal atrophy?

A

A lack of oestrogen.

Occurs in those who are peri-menopausal, menopausal or post-menopausal.

Reproductive (28 decks)

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