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Human Biology > 2.2 Hormonal control of reproduction > Flashcards

2.2 Hormonal control of reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pituitary gland trigger and what hormones does it release? (3)

A

Puberty

Female- Follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) and Luteinising hormone (LH)

Male- Follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) and Interstitial cell stimulation hormone (ICSH

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2
Q

What does FSH and ICSH do? (2)

A

FSH- Promotes production of sperm in seminiferous tubules

ICSH- stimulates to make testosterone

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3
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

When testosterone is high, pituitary stops producing FSH and ICSH which causes testosterone to drop, and then the pituitary produces FHS and ICSH to rise testosterone

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4
Q

State the effect of testosterone in male testicles?

A

Causes the seminiferous tubules to start producing sperm

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5
Q

Whats the two hormones the ovary secretes?

A

Progesterone and Oestrogen

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6
Q

What are the two phases of the menstrual cycle? (2)

A

Follicular and luteal

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7
Q

Whats the time line for the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Follicular phase (1-14 days)
  • Ovulation (day 14)
  • Luteal phase (14-28 days)
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8
Q

What are the effects of oestrogen on the mestrual cycle/ what does oestrogen do once released? (3)

A
  1. Oestrogen is released by the follicle to develop the endometrium (thicken)
  2. Oestrogen stimulates pituitary gland to secrete Luteinising hormone (LH)
  3. Oestrogen decreases viscosity of cervix mucus (allows for sperm to swim easier)
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9
Q

What does FSH from pituitary gland stimulate?

A
  • Development of follicle

- Production of oestrogen by the follice

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10
Q

How does oestrogen help/ do with ovulation?

A

-Oestrogen concentration builds to peak and stimulates LH and then the LH surge brings around ovulation

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11
Q

How does ovulation work/ happen?

A

An egg is released from follicle in ovulation due to surge in LH

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12
Q

when does the egg reach the oviduct after FSH production?

A

14 days

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13
Q

Whats the role of progesterone after ovulation?

A

Increased levels of oestrogen and progesterone inhibit the pituitary and stops producing FSH and LH so no more follicle develops

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14
Q

How does the body stop the development of another follicle?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone inhibit the pituitary and stops both FSH and LH

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15
Q

What happens if there is a lack in LH?

A

Corpus luteum disintegrates and stops progesterone producing

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16
Q

What happens if there is a lack of progesterone?

A

Endometrium breaks down (menstruation)

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17
Q

Whats the first day of menstruation?

A

during the follicular phase

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18
Q

Assuming Ova is fertilised in oviduct, how long does it take to enter uterus?

A

2-3 days

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19
Q

What happens during luteal phase?

A
  • Follicle develops into corpus luteum

- Corpus luteum secretes progesterone

20
Q

What happens if ova is fertilised?

A

The egg Goes into thickened endometrium (thickens form progesterone)

21
Q

What does Oestrogen do?

A

Causes endometrium to thicken, stimulates pituitary to release LH and decreases viscosity of cervix mucus

22
Q

What does LH do?

A

Causes ovulation (release of egg) and for the formation of the corpus luteum which produces progesterone

23
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Causes further proliferation of endometrium (further develops from oestrogen)

24
Q

What happens after ovulation?

A

Progesterone and oestrogen inhibit the pituitary to stop it realising FSH and LH. This causes a lack of LH and do corpus luteum degenerates and because there is a lack of progesterone, the endometrium breaks down (blood time)

25
Q

If an ova is fertilised where does it travel to and how long does this take then what does it do once in this destination ?

A

Travels to uterus and takes 2-3 days, the now fertilised egg sits in the endometrium

26
Q

If an egg is fertilised, why must progesterone remain high and why?

A

Progesterone must stay high so that the endometrium doesn’t break down

27
Q

Why does peak LH bring about ovulation?

A

When FSH is realised, it causes follicle to develop and the follicle secretes oestrogen. Oestrogen does many things, one of which it tells pituitary to secrete LH. LH is responsible for the egg to release and the follicle fragments turn into a corpus letterman which secretes progesterone which thickens endometrium

28
Q

What’s a hormone?

A

A chemical substance

29
Q

Where does a hormone travel and where is it destroyed?

A

Travels in the bloodstream and is destroyed in the liver

30
Q

What does FSH and ICSH do in males?

A

FSH- causes production of sperm

ICSH- causes production of testosterone

31
Q

In males, how does FSH and ICSH come around?

A

During puberty, the hypothymus gland realises a released hormone which tells pituitary to secrete FSH and ICSH

32
Q

What happens if testosterone is high in the blood?

A

FSH and ICSH inhibits the pituitary and stops there secretion, this lowers testosterone levels and they create sperm and testosterone. Once at a specific, pituitary releases FSH and ICSH again which brings rise to testosterone

33
Q

What’s negative feedback?

A

When test is to high, FSH and ICSH thing stops inhabits ya

34
Q

When’s follicular phase and luteal phase?

A

Follicular phase is first two weeks until the egg is released. Luteal phase is after such as inhibiting, endometrium breaking down or if egg is fertilised

35
Q

Whats ovulation?

A

The release of the egg

36
Q

What causes ovulation?

A

Surge in LH causes egg to be released

37
Q

What does the follicle do after ovulation?

A

Turn into a corpus luteum due to LH

38
Q

What two things cause endometrium to proliferate?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

39
Q

Difference between ovulation and menstrution?

A

Ovulation is when the egg is released and menstruation is the period (blood)

40
Q

Lack,of what causes endometrium to break down and what is this?

A

Lack of progesterone and a lack of it causes menstruation

41
Q

Why does progesterone promote further vascularisation of the endometrium?

A

If the egg is fertilised for implantation

42
Q

In IVF what happens if first embryo fails?

A

They freeze other embryos so they can use another and try again

43
Q

What day is ovulation?

A

Around day 14 (half way through menstruation cycle)

44
Q

How does FSH trigger the secretion of Oestrogen?

A

It develops the follicle which secretes oestrogen

45
Q

What causes the endometrium to proliferate and what causes endometrium vascularisation?

A

Oestrogen causes proliferation

Progesterone causes vascularisation

Human Biology (22 decks)

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