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physical science > chapter 27 > Flashcards

chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

The process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface.

A

Weathering

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2
Q

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

A

Soil

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3
Q

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

A

Erosion

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4
Q

As Rocks weather, erosional agents like water, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another.

A

Sediment transport

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5
Q

When a erosional agent slows down or melts it drops this sediment load.

A

Deposition

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6
Q

A land area that gathers water from a major river.

A

Drainage basin

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7
Q

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline

A

longshore current

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8
Q

What is weathering?

A

The breakdown of materials on earths surface.

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9
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A

No

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10
Q

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

A

The rock type and landscape there located at.

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11
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Mechanical and Chemical weathering.

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12
Q

What type of change happens with chemical weathering?

A

Physical changes.

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13
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering?

A

Frost wedging, biological activity, and colisions.

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14
Q

What causes frost wedging?

A

When water gets collected in cracks of rocks and freezes.

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15
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A

Freeze thaw cycle.

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16
Q

what causes biological activity?

A

Living things/plants and animals.

17
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?

A

Rock falls, or flowing/rapid river streams.

18
Q

What are two things that cause mechanical weathering?

A

Oxygen and Water.

19
Q

What is a chemical reaction caused by oxygen.

A

it is oxidation.

20
Q

chemical change caused by water?

A

Hydrolysis.

21
Q

What is soil?

A

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, and air that is capable of supporting life.

22
Q

What is parent material?

A

A material from which soil forms.

23
Q

What are soil horizons?

A

The different layers of soil.

24
Q

How many soil horizons are there?

A

6

25
Q

True or false. All soils contain every soil horizon.

A

false

26
Q

What are the specific soil horizons?

A

Q A E B C R

27
Q

What does the first soil horizon contain?

A

organic material

28
Q

What is the second horizon mostly made up of?

A

minerals

29
Q

Which layer does leaching occur?

A

finer sediment, lets more soluble materials, go deeper known as leaching.

30
Q

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

A

E

31
Q

Which layer is partially layered bedrock?

A

C

32
Q

Which layer is unweathered bedrock?

A

R

33
Q

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

A

E and B

34
Q

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?

A

Q and A

physical science (13 decks)

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