Chapter 3 Human Growth and Development Flashcards
Human Growth and Development
Biological aging refers to?
How the body functions and changes over time
Psychological aging refers to
One’s perception of personal age
Social aging refers to
How ones chronological age is viewed within societal/ cultural context
Anobolism is..
The body building to peak potential from birth
Catabolism is
The body’s usually slow deterioration from peak to an individual’s death
Most developmental theories (freud, Erikson and Piaget) are interactionist or epigenetic: they acknowledge the importance of
Both Nature vs. Nurture
Continuous development emphasizes the ___________ changes that occur over time and that are difficult to separate.
Small shifts or gradual, sequential
As abilities develop, an individual reaches a point where abilities jump to qualitatively different and more advanced levels… That is called?
Discontinues Development
What theory portray people as active in regulating their behavior?
Active theory
What theory portrays people as passive and react to environmental stimuli to accommodate changes
Reactive theory
Aging involves growth and change in an organism over time and is categorized as:
A) biological
B) social
C) psychological
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Diane is often mistaken for being 10 years younger than her actual age. She says that her youthful glow is fr living a carefree life and lots of physical activity. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about biological aging?
A) biological aging depends on metabolic changes
B) biological aging refers to people’s perceptions of how old or young they feel
C) biological aging involves anabolism
D) biological aging involves catabolism
B) biological aging refers to people’s perceptions of how old or young they feel
Part of biological aging, the term catabolism refers to:
A) the body’s decline to death from its peak
B) the body’s development from birth to its peak
C) the metabolic changes that occur in older adults
D) none of the above
A) the body’s decline to death from its peak
Intelligence is accounted for mostly by a person’s:
A) environment
B) genetics
C) genetics and environment in equal parts
D) education level
B) genetics
The brain usually reaches its adult weight by the time a person is
a. 12 years old.
b. 16 years old.
c. 44 years old.
d. 64 years old.
b. 16 years old.
The brain is divided into three parts. The most primitive part of
the brain is the
a. hindbrain.
b. midbrain.
c. forebrain.
d. cerebral cortex.
a. hindbrain.
Different parts and structures within the brain are responsible for
various functions. The ________ is responsible for regulating
arousal and attention.
a. medulla oblongata
b. cerebellum
c. reticular activating system
d. hypothalamus
c. reticular activating system
As genetic screening becomes more prominent, it is important for
counselors to be knowledgeable about different classes and
examples of genetic disorders. Sickle cell anemia is classified as
a. an X-linked disease.
b. a sex chromosomal disorder.
c. an autosomal disorder.
d. none of the above.
c. an autosomal disorder.
Professional counselors must be familiar with common examples
of genetic disorders. Males born with an extra X chromosome
have
a. Turner syndrome.
b. Tay-Sachs disease.
c. phenylketonuria.
d. Klinefelter’s syndrome.
d. Klinefelter’s syndrome.
Classical conditioning is a type of stimulus-response learning
theory. Recall Ivan Pavlov’s well-known studies on the salivation
of dogs when presented with food powder. In his famous
experiments with dogs, the conditioned stimulus was
a. the salivation.
b. the meat powder.
c. the bell, buzzer, or tone.
d. None of the above.
c. the bell, buzzer, or tone.
In classical conditioning, when people present a conditioned
stimulus at the same time as the unconditioned stimulus, they are
using
a. backward conditioning.
b. simultaneous conditioning.
c. retroactive conditioning.
d. delayed conditioning.
b. simultaneous conditioning.
In classical conditioning, the temporal relationship between the
unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus is
important. The effectiveness of the conditioning depends on how
and when either stimulus is presented. Which of the following is
the most successful form of conditioning?
a. Backward conditioning
b. Simultaneous conditioning
c. Retroactive conditioning
d. Delayed conditioning
d. Delayed conditioning
John is extremely stressed about his upcoming statistics test. His
counselor suggests that he try imagining that he is at a lake
fishing for the day. John does so and begins to feel better. Which
of the following people developed the principle of reciprocal
inhibition, which means that a person cannot engage in two
mutually exclusive events simultaneously?
a. Joseph Wolpe
b. John B. Watson
c. Albert Bandura
d. Edward L. Thorndike
a. Joseph Wolpe
Ethan is two years old. After watching his mother wrinkle her
nose at items she disliked, he began picking up items and
showing them to his grandparents. “That’s nasty!” he would
inform them. Which of the following people developed social
learning theory, which is based on the principle that people learn
through observation, imitation, and modeling?
a. Ivan Pavlov
b. B. F. Skinner
c. John B. Watson
d. Albert Bandura
d. Albert Bandura
Two Indian American men referred to their neighbor as Chinese.
Their neighbor became annoyed and corrected them saying, “I’m
Filipino! Get it right.” The two men were surprised they were
scolded. One said to the other, “Probably the Chinese and
Filipinos are part of different castes. That must be why he is
offended.” According to Piaget, these neighbors are involved in
the process of adaptation known as
a. assimilation.
b. accommodation.
c. symbolic representation.
d. All of the above.
a. assimilation.
Billy is an infant who is playing with his father. His father takes a
ball and hides it behind his back. Billy laughs and begins to
search for the ball. Billy is in the ________ stage of Piaget’s theory
of cognitive development.
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operational
d. formal operational
a. sensorimotor
