Chapter 2 Social and Cultural Diversity

Question 1

Labeling clients as resistant because they do not make eye contact
during a counseling session might be an example of

a. cultural encapsulation.
b. emic perspective.
c. chronemics.
d. enculturation.

Answer 1

a. cultural encapsulation.

Question 2

An individual fidgeting during a counseling session is an example
of what form of nonverbal communication?

a. Chronemics
b. Kinesics
c. Context communication
d. Proxemics

Answer 2

b. Kinesics

Question 3

After spending five years in the United States, Maya believes she
no longer belongs in her home culture and does not fit in the host
culture. Which acculturation model best describes her
acculturation level?

a. Assimilation
b. Biculturalism
c. Separation
d. Marginalization

Question 4

The worldview that the environment is accountable for the
consequences that occur is best captured by which of Sue’s
(1978) dimensions?

a. Locus of responsibility
b. Locus of control
c. Activity
d. Relationship to nature

Answer 4

a. Locus of responsibility

Question 5

Which of the following statements is least likely true about the
Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies
framework (Ratts et al., 2015 )?

a. The counseling relationship domain refers to the process
of a counselor and client navigating their degree of power
associated with cultural identity statuses to develop an
effective working alliance.
b. The client worldview domain includes standards that
promote culturally affirmative attitudes and beliefs,
knowledge, skills, and action.
c. The counseling and advocacy interventions domain
includes standards that promote culturally affirmative
attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action.
d. The counseling and advocacy interventions domain
includes intrapersonal actions that support social justice.

Answer 5

c. The counseling and advocacy interventions domain
includes standards that promote culturally affirmative
attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action.

Question 6

The faith that focuses on karma and the deity Brahman is

a. Buddhism.
b. Taoism.
c. Islam.
d. Hinduism.

Answer 6

d. Hinduism.

Question 7

Erika is able to meet current expenses, can plan for her financial
future, but is not necessarily wealthy. Which socioeconomic
status most likely describes her?

a. Upper class
b. Middle class
c. Working class
d. Underclass

Answer 7

b. Middle class

Question 8

The view that one’s own culture is preferential to evaluate
another’s culture is called

a. classism.
b. racism.
c. colorism.
d. ethnocentrism.

Answer 8

d. ethnocentrism.

Question 9

Robert, biologically a male at birth, has presented to counseling
to help him process his feelings associated with being more
aligned with traditionally feminine characteristics. Which of the
following orientation categories would LEAST likely describe
Robert?

a. Homosexual
b. Questioning
c. Transgender
d. Transgender and Gender Nonconforming

Answer 9

a. Homosexual

Question 10

Tertiary oppression is

a. internalized oppression.
b. not helping another who is being oppressed.
c. committing covert acts of oppression.
d. benefiting from oppression.

Answer 10

a. internalized oppression.

Question 11

A resilience characteristic is

a. using substances to keep oneself calm from
discrimination.
b. having a supportive social network.
c. living in an unsafe community.
d. not being able to bounce back.

Answer 11

b. having a supportive social network.

Question 12

White privilege typically includes each of the following EXCEPT

a. seeing one’s race represented positively in the media.
b. being able to obtain work easily.
c. being free from much oppression based on race.
d. being discriminated against due to being in the majority.

Answer 12

d. being discriminated against due to being in the majority.

Question 13

An example of institutional racism is most likely which of the
following?

a. Lack of use of African American designs in modern
architecture
b. Placing a Latino student in a special education course
because a teacher views his English as inferior
c. Limited representation of positively represented people of
color in history textbooks
d. Portraying Jesus in the Christian faith as White only

Answer 13

c. Limited representation of positively represented people of
color in history textbooks

Question 14

Working for the collective good of society refers to which tenet of
social justice?

a. Equity
b. Harmony
c. Access
d. Participation

Answer 14

b. Harmony

Question 15

Which identity development model includes Encounter,
Immersion–Emersion, and Internalization as some of its statuses?

a. McCarn and Fassinger’s lesbian and gay identity
development model
b. Cross’s Nigrescence model
c. Hardiman’s White racial identity development model
d. Helms’s White racial identity development model

Answer 15

b. Cross’s Nigrescence model

Question 16

According to Helms’ racial interaction theory, a racial interaction
in which an individual of a lower racial identity status holds more
social power over an individual would be considered a(n)

a. parallel interaction.
b. progressive interaction.
c. autonomous interaction.
d. regressive interaction.

Answer 16

d. regressive interaction.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the developmental issues of
feminist identity development models?

a. Women must relinquish their gender privilege.
b. Men are to actively commit to support networks that
include women.
c. Women are to accept traditional gender roles for men and
women.
d. Women grow psychologically as they address sexism.

Answer 17

d. Women grow psychologically as they address sexism.

Question 18

One of the most popular sexual identity development models that
was often used in developing other identity development models
was developed by

a. Troiden.
b. Coleman.
c. Cass.
d. Weinberg.

Answer 18

c. Cass.

Question 19

Mary becomes angry with God after the death of her close friend,
and she questions herself as a spiritual person. What spiritual
identity development status (Poll & Smith, 2003 ) best
characterizes Mary?

a. Recognition
b. Awakening
c. Pre-Awakening
d. Integration

Answer 19

b. Awakening

Question 20

________ comprise the smallest percentage of the U.S. population.

a. Native Americans
b. African Americans
c. Asian Americans
d. European Americans

Answer 20

a. Native Americans

Question 21

Filial piety regarding family applies most closely to which cultural
group?

a. Latin Americans
b. African Americans
c. Native Americans
d. Asian Americans

Answer 21

d. Asian Americans

Question 22

Kelsey, an African American female, presents for counseling to
address dual-career issues with her partner. Which of the
following cultural value considerations would least likely be
prioritized in counseling?

a. Degree of egalitarianism in the partnership
b. Needs of Kelsey as an independent decision-maker
c. Spiritual support for Kelsey
d. Relationships with extended family and her friends

Answer 22

b. Needs of Kelsey as an independent decision-maker

Question 23

The largest group making up what constitutes Latin Americans is

a. Puerto Ricans.
b. Muslims.
c. Mexicans.
d. Cubans.

Answer 23

c. Mexicans.

Question 24

Which of these statements best characterize the model minority
myth?

a. African Americans who are successful serve as an
example that racism has decreased over time.
b. People of color can be positive examples for future
generations.
c. Asian Americans’ successes are indicators that they do
not experience discrimination.
d. Asian Americans are a heterogeneous group.

Answer 24

c. Asian Americans’ successes are indicators that they do

not experience discrimination.

Question 25

Feelings of hopefulness and captivation of a new culture are part
of the ________ phase of culture shock.

a. Crisis
b. Honeymoon
c. Reorientation
d. Resolution

Answer 25

b. Honeymoon

Question 26

A cultural group that typically deals with issues with eating
disorders and sexually risky behaviors is

a. international students.
b. older adults.
c. transgender individuals.
d. adolescents.

Answer 26

d. adolescents.

Question 27

Which of the following does not typically characterize the coming
out process?

a. Individuals tend to become involved with the sexual
minority community prior to sexual acts.
b. Individuals tend to come out during adolescence.
c. The coming out process is embedded within sexual
identity development models.
d. The coming out process involves both self-awareness and
disclosure of a sexual minority status.

Answer 27

a. Individuals tend to become involved with the sexual

minority community prior to sexual acts.

Question 28

Some common issues affecting ________ clients are grief, loss,
physical challenges, and terminal illness.

a. adolescent
b. older adult
c. transgender individuals
d. international clients

Answer 28

b. older adult

Question 29

Counselors should advocate for

a. reparative therapy.
b. acceptance of sexual minorities.
c. pain therapy.
d. conversion therapy.

Answer 29

b. acceptance of sexual minorities.

Question 30

The social influence model espouses that a counselor should have
________ for maximum influence.

a. equity
b. creativity
c. spontaneity
d. credibility

Answer 30

d. credibility

Question 31

Two forms of feminism are women of color feminism and Black
feminism. What is the difference between the two?

a. There is no difference.
b. Women of color feminism embraces all women,
regardless of color, and Black feminism focuses mainly on
the oppression of African American women.
c. Women of color feminism embraces all women except
Whites, and Black feminism was the main movement in
the 1980s and focused on career.
d. Women of color feminism focuses on the oppression of
African American women, and Black feminism embraces
all women, regardless of color.

Answer 31

b. Women of color feminism embraces all women,
regardless of color, and Black feminism focuses mainly on
the oppression of African American women.

Question 32

Motivational interviewing is mainly based on a Rogerian
counseling style, but

a. is also directive.
b. focuses heavily on transference and countertransference.
c. is highly confrontational.
d. focuses on the source of problems.

Answer 32

a. is also directive.

Question 33

Each of the following is correct concerning the acronym OARES,
from motivational interviewing, EXCEPT

a. O = Open-Ended Questions.
b. A = Action.
c. R = Reflective Listening.
d. S = Summarize.

Answer 33

b. A = Action.

Question 34

Motivational interviewing has been primarily used in

a. addictions counseling.
b. feminist counseling.
c. supervision.
d. sociometry.

Answer 34

a. addictions counseling.