Vital Signs

Question 1

Normal Heart Rate

Answer 1

60-100bpm

Question 2

Causes of tachycardia (high bp)

Answer 2

Dehydration
Pain
Anxiety
Fever
Pulmonary embolism
Alcohol withdrawl

Question 3

What is a pulmonary embolism

Answer 3

Blood clot in the lungs thst can be cinfirmed by a CAT scan

Question 4

WHat must be checked for an ederly/infant patient with unexplained high HR?

Answer 4

Rectal temp

Question 5

Causes of low HR

Answer 5

Athlete
On beta blockers
Abnormally high/low potassium

Question 6

Normal blood pressure

Answer 6

120/80

Question 7

Hypertension (high BP)

Answer 7

> 140/90

Question 8

Hypotension (low bp)

Answer 8

<90/60

Question 9

When someone has low bp they might be in…?

Answer 9

Shock

Question 10

Normal respiratory rate

Answer 10

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 11

Causes of Low respiratory rate

Answer 11

<12 breathes/min, opiates

Question 12

Causes of High repsiratory rate

Answer 12

Diabetic keto acidosis

Sepsis

Question 13

Diabetic Keto acidosis (DKA)

Answer 13

Common in people with type 1 diabetes
Developes when your body doesnt have enough insulin to allow blood sugar into your cells for use so your body coverts fats into energy casuing a build up of ketones

Tx:

1. check for CHF(congestive Heart failure) before giving about 4000mL of fluids
2. give potassium then insulin so it can be absorbed

Question 14

Normal SpO2

Answer 14

> 92% on room air

Question 15

Causes of Low SpO2

Answer 15

Smoker

Question 16

Normal temperature

Answer 16

97F-98.6

Question 17

Fever temperature

Answer 17

> 100.4 F (38C)

Question 18

what can low sodium cause

Answer 18

vomiting
diarrhea
(heart, liver, kidney)-failure

Question 19

what can irregular potassium levels lead to

Answer 19

Low HR

arrhythmia

Question 20

why might k+ levels be high

Answer 20

Kidney failure
Hemolysis(lab error)
Medication

Question 21

why might K+ levels be low

Answer 21

vomiting
diarrhea
diuretics
meds

Question 22

Why might creatine levels be high

Answer 22

kidney injury

Question 23

why might Bicarbonate levels be low

Answer 23

septic shock

DKA

Question 24

why might glucose be low

Answer 24

Sepsis
alcoholism
insulin overdose

Question 25

why might glucose levels be high

Answer 25

DKA

Hyperosmolar

Question 26

what does it mean to be hyperosmolar

Answer 26

a loss of water in the blood makes it more concentrated with molecules(Na+)

Question 27

what are the 4 criteria for SIRS (systematic Inflammatory response)

Answer 27

1) temperature less than 96.9 or greater than 100.4
2) HR greater than 90bpm
3) RR greater than 20
4) WBC greater than 12000 or less than 400

Question 28

what is sepsis

Answer 28

life threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection

Question 29

What might be happening if BP is low after fluids?

Answer 29

Septic shock