Diabetes Flashcards
What is diabetes
Syndrome of hyperglycemia from insuline deficiancy and or resistance
Complications of diabetes
Atherosclerosis myocardial infarction stroke peripheral vascular disease Renal failure Retropathy and cataracts Peripheral neuropathy Autonomic neuropathy Cranial nerves Infection
common characteristics of Type 1 diabetes
- young
- thin
- usually have an autoimmune disease
- low insulin levels
characteristics of Type 2 diabetes
- older
- Majority of cases
- Obese
- Insulin resistant
gestational diabetes
Anti-insulin effect of human placental lactogen cortisol and progesterone during pregnancy
causes high blood sugar
what conditions can cause secondary diabetes
cystic fibrosis
cushing’s disease
exogenous steroids
How to diagnose diabetes
- glucose greater than 126mg/dL after an 8hr fast
- glycosylated Hb
what is glycosylated Hb
hemoglobin that has a high amount of glucose attatched
symptoms of diabetes
- polyuria
- polydipsia
why is polyuria a symptom of diabetes
Increase in glucose causes it to be peed out (b/c water follows glucose)
what is polyuria
the overproduction of urine
what is polydipsia
constant dehydration and thirst
what is diabetic ketoacidosis
an extreme form of diabetes where insulin is overwhelmed by counter regulatory hormones such as
- glucagon
- epinephrine
- cortisol
causes:
- metabolic acidosis
- ketonemia
- severe hyperglycemia
what is hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
what triggers DKA
- insulin non-compliance
- illness (pancreatitis)
