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Tudors > Henry VII: key terms > Flashcards

Henry VII: key terms Flashcards

1
Q

Enclosure

A

The fencing off of land from open fields with the ending of all common rights over it

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2
Q

Merchant Adventurers

A

Powerful company based in London which exported cloth and imported foreign goods in return

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3
Q

Custom duties

A

Money paid on goods entering or leaving the country. Money came from tunnage (taxes on exports) and poundage (taxes on imports)

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4
Q

‘The Great Chain of Being’

A

Hierarchical society ordered by God

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5
Q

Divine Right of Kings

A

The belief that monarchs were ruling on behalf of God - therefore, if a monarch’s subject disobeyed the monarch, they were disobeying God

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6
Q

Secular

A

The opposite of sacred i.e. non spiritual things

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7
Q

Laity/laymen

A

A general term referring to people who had not been trained and accepted as priests

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8
Q

Indulgences

A

a payment made to the church to ensure that you go to heaven and not be stuck in purgatory or hell

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9
Q

Humanism

A

movement that focused on human potential and achievements (humanists believed in the Catholic faith - their work affected not only religion but also politics and economics)

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10
Q

Dynasty

A

A line of hereditary rulers of the same country

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11
Q

Royal progress

A

Tour of the kingdom

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12
Q

Cardinal

A

Senior official of Catholic Church, having the right to vote in the election of a Pope

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13
Q

Act of Attainder

A
  • led to a family losing the right to possess its land as well as the right to inherit its land
  • would ruin a family
  • ood behaviour could then lead to a reversal of the attainder
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14
Q

Patronage

A
  • the giving of positions of power; titles and land etc
  • first rewarded were supporters in BOB
  • Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford
  • Thomas Stanley Earl of Derby
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15
Q

Retaining

A

The practice by which a nobleman kept a large number of men as his personal staff as gangs of enforcers

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16
Q

Council Learned in the Law

A

Offshoot from the main Royal Council which assumed control of all financial matters relating to Crown Lands

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17
Q

JPs

A

Justices of the Peace

Responsible for keeping public order

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18
Q

Star Chamber

A

Responsible for prosecuting anyone who behaved in a rebellious or lawless manner

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19
Q

Feudal dues

A

Tradition rights held by the Crown to demand money, deriving from the principle that the Kings was the sole owner of all the kingdom’s land and that others held it as tenants

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20
Q

Relief

A

Paid by an heir when he received his inheritance

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21
Q

Relief

A

Paid by an heir when he received his inheritance

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22
Q

Wardship

A

Control of the estates of heirs under adult age, which allowed the King to manage these lands for his own profit

23
Q

Livery

A

Payment made by a ward on reaching adulthood and taking control of his lands

24
Q

Bonds and recognisances

A

Written agreements where nobles either paid for offences they had committed or paid money as security for future good behaviour

25
Q

Loans and benevolences

A

The King’s right to ask for financial help in particular emergencies

26
Q

Clerical taxes

A

Special taxes which the King could levy on the Church

27
Q

New World

A

Term being used to describe the continent of America that was discovered by Spanish sailors during the reign of Henry VII

28
Q

Hanseatic League

A

A league of German towns which dominated trade in the Baltic. They aimed to maintain a monopoly of trade there

29
Q

Dowry

A

An amount of property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage

30
Q

Papal dispensation

A

Permission required from the Pope in order to be exempted from the laws or observances of the Church

31
Q

Chamber

A

The private areas of the court; also a key department for the efficient collection of royal revenues

32
Q

Extraordinary revenue

A

Money raised by the king from additional sources as one-off payments when he faced an emergency or an unforeseeable expense of government; this could be made up of parliamentary grants, loans or clerical taxes

33
Q

Fifteenths and Tenths

A

Standard form of taxation, calculated in the fourteenth century, paid by towns and boroughs to the Crown

34
Q

Privy Chamber

A

Comprising the close personal servants of the monarch; its members had direct access to the monarch and therefore could influence him or her more directly

35
Q

Purgatory

A

The state in which the souls of the dead were purged of their sins before they could enter the kingdom of heaven

36
Q

Purgatory

A

The state in which the souls of the dead were purged of their sins before they could enter the kingdom of heaven

37
Q

Faction

A

Dissenting group of people

38
Q

Legitimacy

A

The hereditary right of a monarch to rule

39
Q

Legitimacy

A

The hereditary right of a monarch to rule

40
Q

Protector of the Realm

A

Acting for the absent monarchic head of state

41
Q

Pretender

A

A pretender is someone who maintains a claim that they are entitled to a position of honour or rank

42
Q

Usurper

A

Seized the throne from a king/queen with a more legitimate claim to rule

43
Q

Usurper

A

Seized the throne from a king/queen with a more legitimate claim to rule

44
Q

The Groom of the Stool

A

This person was in charge of the Privy Chamber

45
Q

The Court

A

Group of people who moved from place to place with the King

46
Q

Illegitimacy

A

The status of a child born outside of marriage

47
Q

Gentry

A

Landowners; sat in the House of Commons; served as JPs; many were trained as lawyers

48
Q

Yeomen and labourers

A

Farmers who owned land; some employed several labourers

49
Q

Merchants and craftsmen

A

Traded with cities across Europe; often wealthy; often owned their own business and employed others

50
Q

Nobility

A

Dukes and earls; owned large amounts of land; influential in the localities and governed parts of the kingdom on the king’s behalf; sat on Council and attended Court; members of the House of Lords

51
Q

Archbishop

A

A bishop of the highest rank

52
Q

Bishops

A

Local church leaders within the Roman Catholic Church

53
Q

Clergy

A

Church officials

54
Q

Magnate

A

A member of the higher ranks of the nobility

Tudors (34 decks)

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