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HOSA Bowl 2022 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 2 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

chronic

A

of long duration. (pg14)

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2
Q

disease

A

a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally. (pg14)

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3
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

a persistent overwhelming fatigue of unknown origin. (pg14)

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4
Q

CFS

A

an abbreviation for … “chronic fatigue syndrome”. (pg14)

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5
Q

ileum

A

the last and longest portion of the small intestine. Memory aid: “il-e-um” is spelled with an “E” as in “int-e-stine”. (pg14)

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6
Q

ilium

A

part of the hip bone. Memory aid: “il-i-um” is spelled with an “I” as in “hip”.(pg14)

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7
Q

exudate

A

fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound. (pg14)

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8
Q

erythema

A

redness. (pg15)

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9
Q

hyperthermia

A

heat. (pg15)

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10
Q

mucous

A

the specialized membranes that line the body cavities. (pg15)

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11
Q

mucus

A

fluid secreted by mucous membranes. (pg15)

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12
Q

myc/o

A

a combining form meaning … fungus. (pg15)

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13
Q

myel/o

A

a combining form meaning … bone marrow or spinal cord. (pg15)

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14
Q

my/o

A

a combining form meaning … muscle. (pg15)

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15
Q

-ologist

A

a suffix meaning … specialist. (pg15)

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16
Q

dermat

A

a word root meaning … skin. (pg15)

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17
Q

neo-

A

a prefix meaning … new. (pg15)

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18
Q

pyel/o

A

a combining form meaning … renal pelvis, which is part of the kidney. (pg16)

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19
Q

pyelitis

A

an inflammation of the renal pelvis. (pg16)

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20
Q

py/o

A

a combining form meaning … pus. (pg16)

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21
Q

pyoderma

A

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo. (pg16)

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22
Q

pyr/o

A

a combining form meaning … fever or fire. (pg16)

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23
Q

heartburn

A

also known as “pyrosis”. (pg16)

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24
Q

virile

A

having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male. (pg16)

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25
Q

MS

A

an abbreviation not to be used … can mean either “morphine sulfate” or “magnesium sulfate”. (pg17)

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26
Q

QD or QOD

A

an abbreviation not to be used … means “daily” or “every other day”, sometimes mistaken for each other. (pg17)

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27
Q

U

A

an abbreviation not to be used … means “units”, sometimes mistaken for “0” or “4”. (pg17)

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28
Q

megal/o

A

a combining form meaning … large, great. (pg8)

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29
Q

micr/o

A

a combining form meaning … small. (pg8)

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30
Q

oste/o, ost/o

A

a combining form meaning … bone. (pg542)

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31
Q

-ar, -ic, -ac

A

pertaining to

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32
Q

-crine

A

to secrete

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33
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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34
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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35
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

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36
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to

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37
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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38
Q

-plasia

A

formation

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39
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

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40
Q

-stasis

A

control

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41
Q

-tics

A

pertaining to

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42
Q

-trophy

A

development

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43
Q

a-

A

without

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44
Q

abdomin(o)-

A

abdomen

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45
Q

abdominal cavity or abdomen

A

contains primarily the major organs of digestion

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46
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

refers to two cavities as a single unit

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47
Q

aden(o)-

A

glands

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48
Q

adenectomy

A

surgical removal of a gland

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49
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

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50
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue

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51
Q

adenomalacia

A

abnormal softening of a gland

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52
Q

adenosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of a gland

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53
Q

adenosis

A

any disease condition of a gland

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54
Q

adip-

A

fat

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55
Q

adipose tissue

A

fat - provides protective padding, insulation, and support

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56
Q

adult stem cells

A

somatic stem cells - undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ

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57
Q

airborne transmission

A

occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze (cold, flu, TB, measles)

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58
Q

ana-

A

excessive

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59
Q

anal atresia

A

congenital absence of the opening at the bottom end of the anus

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60
Q

anaplasia

A

change in the structure of the cells and in their orientation to each other (tumors, cancer)

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61
Q

anatomic position

A

describes the body assuming that the individual is standing in the standard position that includes: standing up straight so that body is erect and facing forward; holding arms at sides with hands turned with palms turned toward front

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62
Q

anatomic reference systems

A

used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body

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63
Q

anatomy

A

study of the structures of the body

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64
Q

anomaly

A

deviation from what is regarded as normal

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65
Q

anter(o)-

A

front or before

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66
Q

anterior

A

situated in the front; front or forward part of an organ (opposite to posterior)

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67
Q

aplasia

A

defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue

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68
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence of a normal opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

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69
Q

autopsy

A

postmorten examination

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70
Q

benign

A

not life-threatening

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71
Q

bilateral

A

relating to, or having, two sides

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72
Q

birth injuries

A

congenital disorder that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth

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73
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

spread of disease through contact with blood or other body fluid that are contaminated with blood (HIV, hepatitis B, STDs)

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74
Q

body cavities

A

spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs

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75
Q

body planes

A

imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used the divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes

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76
Q

carcin-

A

cancerous

77
Q

caud(o)-

A

tail or lower part of the body

78
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower part of the body (opposite to cephalic)

79
Q

cell membrane

A

tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment

80
Q

cells

A

basic structural and functional units of the body

81
Q

cephal(o)-

A

head

82
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head (opposite to caudal)

83
Q

cerebral palsy

A

result of brain damage, can be caused by premature birth or not enough oxygen to the brain during birth

84
Q

chondr(i)-

A

cartilage

85
Q

chromosomes

A

genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell

86
Q

communicable

A

capable of being transmitted

87
Q

communicable disease

A

condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects - contagious disease

88
Q

congenital

A

existing at birth

89
Q

congenital disorder

A

abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

90
Q

connective tissue

A

supports and connects organs and other body tissue

91
Q

contamination

A

the pathogen is possibly present

92
Q

cord blood

A

found in umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn infant

93
Q

cranial cavity

A

located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain

94
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems

95
Q

cyt(o)-

A

cell or hollow place

96
Q

cytology

A

study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

97
Q

cytoplasm

A

material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

98
Q

cytoplasm

A

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

99
Q

degeneration

A

worsening condition

100
Q

dem(o)-

A

population

101
Q

dense connective tissue

A

form the joints and framework of the body - bone or cartilage

102
Q

developmental disorder

A

anomaly or malformation such as absence of the limb or the presence of an extra toe - birth defect

103
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

104
Q

differentiated

A

having a specialized function of structure

105
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure (opposite to proximal)

106
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

107
Q

dominant gene

A

inherited from either parent - the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristic

108
Q

dors-

A

back of the organ or body (opposite of ventral)

109
Q

dorsal

A

refers to the back of the organ or body

110
Q

dorsal cavity

A

located along the back of the body and head - divided into cranial cavity and spinal cavity

111
Q

double helix

A

consists of two helixes twisted together

112
Q

Down syndrome (DS)

A

genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

113
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

114
Q

embryonic stem cells

A

undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell, can form any cell

115
Q

en-

A

within

116
Q

endemic

A

the ongoing presence of a disease within the population, group, or area

117
Q

endo-

A

within

118
Q

endocrine glands

A

produce homones - do not have ducts

119
Q

endothelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that lines blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

120
Q

epi-

A

above

121
Q

epidemic

A

sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

122
Q

epidemiologist

A

specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

123
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of the skin

124
Q

epigastric region

A

above the stomach

125
Q

epithelial tissue

A

form a protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of body

126
Q

epithelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that forms epidermis of the skin and surface layer of mucous membranes

127
Q

eti-

A

cause

128
Q

etiology

A

study of causes of diseases

129
Q

exo-

A

out of

130
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body - sweat glands

131
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

caused by the mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy

132
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

physical and behavioral traits, including growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, socialization difficulties

133
Q

adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

134
Q

food-borne and water-borne transmission

A

eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present - (fecal-oral transmission)

135
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into arterior (front) and posterior (back) portions - coronal plane

136
Q

functional disorder

A

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified - (ex. panic attack)

137
Q

gametic cell mutation

A

change within the genes in a gamete (sex cells) that can be transmitted by a parent

138
Q

gene

A

fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

139
Q

gene-

A

producing

140
Q

genetic mutation

A

change of sequence of a DNA molecule

141
Q

genetic disorder

A

pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene - hereditary disorder

142
Q

genetic engineering

A

manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes

143
Q

genetic mutation

A

change of sequence of a DNA molecule

144
Q

geneticist

A

specialist in field of genetics

145
Q

genetics

A

study of how genes are transferred from parent to their children and the role of genes in health and disease

146
Q

genome

A

complete set of genetic information of an individual

147
Q

geriatrician

A

physician who specializes in the care of older people - gerontologist

148
Q

geriatrics

A

study of the medical problems and care of the aged - gerontology

149
Q

glands

A

group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

150
Q

graft versus host disease

A

rejection if not excellent match in stem cells

151
Q

groin

A

crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper and of the thigh

152
Q

helix

A

shape twisted like a spiral staircase

153
Q

hemophilia

A

hereditary bleeding disorder in which blood-clotting factor is missing

154
Q

hemopoietic

A

related to the production of blood cells

155
Q

hist-

A

tissue

156
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of the organizaton of tissue at all levels

157
Q

histology

A

study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

158
Q

home(o)-

A

constant

159
Q

homeostasis

A

process though which the body maintains a constant internal environment

160
Q

horizontal plane

A

a flat crosswise plane, such as the horizon

161
Q

Huntington’s disease (HD)

A

genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife

162
Q

hyperplasia

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in number of cells in the tissue

163
Q

hypertrophy

A

general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ is due to an increase in the size, but not in number of cells in the tissue

164
Q

hypochondriac

A

below ribs

165
Q

hypochondriac regions

A

located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs

166
Q

hypogastric region

A

located below stomach

167
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

168
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment (severe burns from radiation therapy)

169
Q

idi(o)-

A

peculiar to the individual

170
Q

idiopathic

A

without known cause

171
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

illness without known cause

172
Q

ili-

A

hip bone

173
Q

iliac regions

A

located on the left and right sides over the hip bones

174
Q

indirect contact transmission

A

situation in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

175
Q

infectious disease

A

illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

176
Q

inferior

A

lowermost, below, or toward the feet (opposite to superior)

177
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin - refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

178
Q

lateral

A

direction toward or nearer the side and away from midline (opposite to medial)

179
Q

liquid connective tissue

A

blood and lymph, transport nutirents and waste products throughout the body

180
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant (abdomen)

181
Q

loose connective tissue

A

surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

182
Q

lumb-

A

lower back

183
Q

lumbar

A

part of the back between ribs and pelvis

184
Q

lumbar region

A

on the left and right sides near inward curve of spine

185
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant (abdomen)

186
Q

malignant

A

harmful

187
Q

medial

A

direction toward, or nearer, the midline (opposite to lateral)

188
Q

membrane

A

thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ

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