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EMT FF Class > Biloxi EMT Ch 22 Toxicology > Flashcards

Biloxi EMT Ch 22 Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Activated charcoal is in the form of a(n):

a. elixir
b. suspension
c. syrup
d. emulsion

A

b. suspension

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2
Q

The presence of burning of the mucous membranes around the mouth suggests:

a. ingestion of depressants
b. ingestion of poison
c. overdose of heroin
d. that the patient may be a heavy smoker

A

b. ingestion of poison

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3
Q

Treatment for ingestion of poisonous plants includes all of the following EXCEPT:

a. assessing the patient’s airway and vital signs
b. taking the plant to the emergency department
c. administering activated charcoal
d. prompt transport

A

c. administering activated charcoal

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4
Q

The most important consideration in caring for a patient who has been exposed to an organophosphate insecticide or some other cholinergic agent is to:

a. maintain the airway
b. apply high-flow oxygen
c. avoid exposure yourself
d. initiate CPR

A

c. avoid exposure yourself

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5
Q

Which of the following would NOT provide clues to the nature of the poison?

a. Patient age
b. Scattered pills
c. Chemicals
d. A needle or syringe

A

a. Patient age

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6
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding injected poisons?

a. Injected poisons cannot be diluted after injection.
b. Injected poisons can be easily removed from the body.
c. Injected poisons are absorbed over time.
d. Injected poisons only include intravenous.

A

a. Injected poisons cannot be diluted after injection.

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7
Q

The major side effect of ingesting activated charcoal is:

a. depressed respirations
b. overproduction of stomach acid
c. constipation
d. increased blood pressure

A

c. constipation

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8
Q

Alcohol is a powerful central nervous system depressant. It:

a. sharpens the sense of awareness
b. slows reflexes
c. increases reaction time
d. increases reflexes

A

b. slows reflexes

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a narcotic?

a. Heroin
b. Morphine
c. Ativan
d. Codeine

A

c. Ativan

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the treatment of patients who have overdosed with sedative-hypnotics and have respiratory depression?

a. Provide airway clearance.
b. Provide ventilatory assistance.
c. Provide prompt transport.
d. Induce vomiting.

A

d. Induce vomiting.

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11
Q

Anticholinergic medications have properties that block the ____________ nerves.

a. parasympathetic
b. sympathetic
c. adrenergic
d. parasympatholytic

A

a. parasympathetic

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12
Q

_________ crack produces the most rapid means of absorption and therefore the most potent effect.

a. Injected
b. Absorbed
c. Smoked
d. Ingested

A

c. Smoked

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13
Q

Cholinergic agents overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled by parasympathetic nerves, causing:

a. increased salivation
b. pupil dilation
c. decreased urination
d. decreased lacrimation

A

a. increased salivation

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning include:

a. difficulty speaking
b. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
c. skin boils or abscesses
d. respiratory distress

A

b. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

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15
Q

Inhalant effects range from mild drowsiness to coma, but unlike most other sedative-hypnotics, these agents may often cause:

a. seizures
b. vomiting
c. swelling of the tongue
d. rashes

A

a. seizures

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16
Q

Cocaine is called all of the following EXCEPT:

a. lady
b. snow
c. blow
d. weed

A

d. weed

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17
Q

The effects of bath salts can last as long as:

a. 12 hours
b. 24 hours
c. 48 hours
d. 72 hours

A

c. 48 hours

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18
Q

The ingestion of marijuana can lead to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, resulting in extreme nausea and vomiting. How are these symptoms typically relieved?

a. Hot showers
b. Oxygen therapy
c. Activated charcoal
d. Massaging the feet

A

a. Hot showers

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19
Q

Sympathomimetics are central nervous system stimulates that frequency cause:

a. hypotension
b. tachycardia
c. pinpoint pupils
d. muscle weakness

A

b. tachycardia

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20
Q

Characteristics of carbon monoxide include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. is odorless
b. produces severe hypoxia
c. does not damage or irritate the lungs
d. smells like rotten eggs

A

d. smells like rotten eggs

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21
Q

Chlorine:

a. is odorless
b. does not damage or irritate the lungs
c. causes pulmonary edema
d. does not cause sore throat or hoarseness

A

c. causes pulmonary edema

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22
Q

Localized signs and symptoms of absorbed poisoning include:

a. a history of exposure
b. burns and irritation of the skin
c. dyspnea
d. muscle weakness

A

b. burns and irritation of the skin

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23
Q

Which of the following statements regarding injected poisons is FALSE?

a. They may result in dizziness, fever, and chills.
b. They are frequently the cause of drug overdoses.
c. They are easily diluted once in the bloodstream.
d. You should remove rings, watches, and bracelets in areas of swelling.

A

c. They are easily diluted once in the bloodstream.

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24
Q

________ is a highly toxic, colorless, and flammable gas with a distinctive rotten-egg odor.

a. Carbon monoxide
b. Hexane
c. Chlorine
d. Hydrogen sulfide

A

d. Hydrogen sulfide

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25
Q

Injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they are usually ____________ or cause intense local tissue destruction.

a. absorbed quickly into the body
b. bound to hemoglobin
c. large compounds
d. combined with the cerebrospinal fluid

A

a. absorbed quickly into the body

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26
Q

Medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. head trauma
b. diarrhea
c. uncontrolled diabetes
d. toxic reactions

A

b. diarrhea

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27
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of alcohol withdrawal?

a. Agitation and restlessness
b. Fever and sweating
c. Seizures
d. Chest pain

A

d. Chest pain

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28
Q

Treatments for inhaled poisons include:

a. removing the patient from the exposure
b. applying a self-contained (SCBA) to the patient
c. covering the patient to prevent spread of the poison
d. considering Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) application

A

a. removing the patient from the exposure

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29
Q

Signs and symptoms of chlorine exposure include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. cough
b. chest pain
c. rales
d. wheezing

A

c. rales

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30
Q

Which of the following is NOT a typically ingested poison?

a. Aerosol propellants
b. Household cleaners
c. Plants
d. Contaminated food

A

a. Aerosol propellants

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31
Q

Naloxone (Narcan) should only be used in a patient with a suspected opiate or opioid overdose who has:

a. an altered mental status
b. dilation of the pupils
c. carpopedal spasms
d. agonal respirations or apnea

A

d. agonal respirations or apnea

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32
Q

Inhaled poisons include:

a. chlorine
b. venom
c. Dieffenbachia
d. Salmonella

A

a. chlorine

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33
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered a typical route of administration for naloxone?

a. Intravenous
b. Intranasal
c. Intramuscular
d. Intradermal

A

d. Intradermal

34
Q

You have responded to the home of a 26-year-old woman who has reportedly taken a large number of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. As you enter the living room, you see her unresponsive in a chair, with several empty alcohol containers. She is breathing heavily.

You are able to arouse her consciousness for a short period of time. Which course of action takes priority?

a. Administer syrup of ipecac.
b. Cover her with a blanket to maintain body temperature.
c. Ensure scene safety.
d. Attempt to administer naloxone.

A

c. Ensure scene safety.

35
Q

You have responded to the home of a 26-year-old woman who has reportedly taken a large number of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. As you enter the living room, you see her unresponsive in a chair, with several empty alcohol containers. She is breathing heavily.

You have decided to give her activated charcoal. How much should you give her?

a. Half a glass
b. 12.5 to 25 g
c. 30 to 100 g
d. 30 to 100 mL

A

c. 30 to 100 g

36
Q

You have responded to the home of a 26-year-old woman who has reportedly taken a large number of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. As you enter the living room, you see her unresponsive in a chair, with several empty alcohol containers. She is breathing heavily.

What would be the desired goal of giving her activated charcoal?

a. To vomit the drugs and alcohol
b. To bind the toxin and prevent absorption
c. To teach her a lesson
d. To prevent excretion

A

b. To bind the toxin and prevent absorption

37
Q

You have responded to the home of a 26-year-old woman who has reportedly taken a large number of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. As you enter the living room, you see her unresponsive in a chair, with several empty alcohol containers. She is breathing heavily.

If she does not want to take the activated charcoal, you should:

a. restrain her, pinch her nose, and make her drink it
b. have her sign a patient refusal form
c. attempt to persuade her
d. leave the scene

A

c. attempt to persuade her

38
Q

You have responded to the home of a 26-year-old woman who has reportedly taken a large number of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. As you enter the living room, you see her unresponsive in a chair, with several empty alcohol containers. She is breathing heavily.

Side effects of ingesting activated charcoal include all of the EXCEPT:

a. constipation
b. hematemesis
c. vomiting
d. black stools

A

b. hematemesis

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with an overdose from a cardiac medication?

a. Cardiac arrhythmia
b. Bleeding
c. Unconsciousness
d. Urinary incontinence

A

d. Urinary incontinence

40
Q

Ringing in the ears is associated with an overdose of:

a. acetaminophen
b. aspirin
c. ethylene alcohol
d. methyl alcohol

A

b. aspirin

41
Q

True/False

The usual adult dose of activated charcoal is 30 to 100 g.

A

True

42
Q

True/False

The general treatment of a poisoned patient is to induce vomiting.

A

False

43
Q

True/False

Activated charcoal is a standard of care in all ingestions.

A

False

44
Q

True/False

Inhaled chlorine may produce pulmonary edema and lung irritation.

A

True

45
Q

True/False

Shaking activated charcoal decreases its effectiveness.

A

False

46
Q

True/False

Opioid overdose typically presents with pinpoint pupils.

A

True

47
Q

True/False

Cholinergics include nerve gases used in chemical warfare and organophosphate insecticides.

A

True

48
Q

True/False

Alcohol is a stimulant.

A

False

49
Q

True/False

Dilaudid and Vicodin are examples of opioids.

A

True

50
Q

True/False

Cocaine is classically inhaled through the nose and absorbed in the nasal mucosa.

A

True

51
Q

True/False

Alcohol can result in significant respiratory depression.

A

True

52
Q

True/False

Ingestion of the plant Dieffenbachia can cause irritation of the upper airway.

A

True

53
Q

Fill in the blank.

The most severe form of toxin ingestion from food poisoning is __________.

A

Botulism

54
Q

Fill in the blank

_________ __________ produce euphoria, increased mental clarity, and sexual arousal.

A

Bath salts

55
Q

Fill in the blank

_________ __________ is the misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect.

A

Substance abuse

56
Q

Fill in the blank

If the patient has a liquid chemical agent on the skin, you should flood the affected part for _________ _________ __________ minutes.

A

15 to 20

57
Q

Fill in the blank

Opioid analgesics are central nervous system depressants and can cause severe ___________ __________.

A

Respiratory depression

58
Q

Fill in the blank

Severe acute alcohol ingestion may cause ________.

A

hyperglycemia

59
Q

Fill in the blank

Your primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to ___________ that a poisoning occurred.

A

Recognize

60
Q

Fill in the blank

The usual dosage for activated charcoal for an adult or child is ___________ ___________ of activated charcoal per _____________ of body weight.

A

1 gram, 1 kilogram

61
Q

Fill in the blank

As you irrigate the eyes, make sure that the fluid runs from the bridge of the nose ___________.

A

outward

62
Q

Fill in the blank

Approximately 80% of all poisoning is by _____________, including plants, contaminated food, and most drugs.

A

Ingestion

63
Q

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

a. knowingly selling illicit drugs to buy more drugs.
b. willfuly using a therapeutic drug to treat a medical illness.
c. unwillingly and unknowingly consuming drugs or alcohol.
d. misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

A

d. misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

64
Q

An EMT’s primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to:

a. administer the appropriate antidote.
b. recognize that a poisoning occurred.
c. administer 25 g of activated charcoal.
d. contact poison control immediately.

A

b. recognize that a poisoning occurred.

65
Q

Heroin is an example of a(n):

C

b. hypnotic.
c. cholinergic.
d. sympathomimetic.

A

b. recognize that a poisoning occurred.

66
Q

Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:

a. ecstasy.
b. oxycodone (Percocet).
c. amphetamine sulfate (Benzedrine).
d. crack cocaine.

A

b. oxycodone (Percocet).

67
Q

Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include:

a. tachycardia.
b. hypothermia.
c. hypotension.
d. slurred speech.

A

a. tachycardia.

68
Q

Which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinent during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance?

a. How much of the substance was taken?
b. How long ago was the substance taken?
c. What type of substance was taken?
d. Why was the substance ingested?

A

d. Why was the substance ingested?

69
Q

Your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to:

a. move the patient to a safe area.
b. avoid contaminating yourself.
c. decontaminate the patient’s skin.
d. obtain and maintain a patent airway.

A

b. avoid contaminating yourself.

70
Q

Airborne substances should be diluted with:

a. oxygen.
b. syrup of ipecac.
c. activated charcoal.
d. an alkaline antidote.

A

a. oxygen.

71
Q

Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Fructose.
b. Actidote.
c. LiquiChar.
d. InstaChar.

A

a. Fructose.

72
Q

What type of poisoning will cause burns around the mouth in children?

a. Plant poisoning.
b. Injected poison.
c. Alkaline poison.
d. Inhaled poison.

A

c. Alkaline poison.

73
Q

The major side effect associated with administration of activated charcoal is:

a. headache.
b. black stools.
c. abdominal pain.
d. ringing in the ears.

A

b. black stools.

74
Q

After administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to:

a. call medical control.
b. be alert for vomiting.
c. monitor the patient’s blood pressure.
d. document the intervention.

A

b. be alert for vomiting.

75
Q

A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing:

a. addiction.
b. dependence.
c. withdrawal.
d. tolerance.

A

d. tolerance.

76
Q

A hypnotic drug is one that:

a. induces sleep.
b. prevents amnesia.
c. increases the pulse.
d. increases the senses.

A

a. induces sleep.

77
Q

A patient who presents with rapid breathing, nausea and vomiting, ringing in the ears, and hyperthermia should be suspected of ingesting a significant quality of:

a. cocaine.
b. aspirin.
c. acetaminophen.
d. ibuprofen.

A

b. aspirin.

78
Q

If you are uncertain HOW to treat a patient who has been poisoned or exposed to a specific substance, you should:

a. administer naloxone via the intranasal route.
b. try to find the container the substance was is.
c. keep the patient supine and elevate his legs.
d. encourage the patient to drink milk or water.

A

b. try to find the container the substance was is.

79
Q

The poison control center will provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center:

a. knows the location of the closest hospital.
b. is aware of the patient’s age and gender.
c. is aware of the substance that is involved.
d. knows why the patient overdosed on the drug.

A

c. is aware of the substance that is involved.

80
Q

Most poisonings occur via the ___________ route.

a. ingestion
b. injection
c. inhalation
d. absorption

A

a. ingestion

81
Q

Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested:

a. iron.
b. ethanol.
c. aspirin.
d. methanol.

A

c. aspirin.

82
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the SALMONELLA bacterium is correct?

a. Refigeration of food will prevent salmonella.
b. Symptoms of salmonellosis appear within 12 hours.
c. The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.
d. The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.

A

d. The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.

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