Eey Flashcards
Age-related changes
Eyes Child
- The lens is spherical at birth, growing flatter throughout life
- Soft plastic at birth to rigid glass in old age
- Reduced visual acuity is more likely among children who were born premature and among those with neurologic disorders
Age-related changes
Eyes Older age 9
- More refractive errors
- *-Cataracts**
- *-Glaucoma**
- *-Macular degeneration**
- Presbyopia (after age 40)
- The lens begins to thicken and yellow
- Pupil size decreases
- The lens loses elasticity
- Older than 65, need glaucoma screening every 1-2 years
- Impaired night vision
- Need 3X as much light to see
Cataract
- Clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye
- Clumping of proteins in the lens
- Blurry vision
age-related
Glaucoma
- Eye conditions that can cause blindness
- Increased intraocular pressure
- Diabetes can be a risk factor
- In people over age 40
Macular degeneration
Most common cause decreased visual
It is most present in Caucasians
- Common eye disorder among people over 50
- Loss of central vision field
- Blurred vision
Wet macular degeneration
- Chronic eye disorder that causes blurred vision or a blind spot
- Caused by abnormal blood vessels that leak fluid or blood into the macula
Snellen eye Chart
What does it mean by 20/20?
- *The top #**= distance the person is standing from the chart
- *The bottom #**=distance at which a normal eye could have read that particular line
What does it 20/30” means?
“You can read at 20 feet what the normal eye can see from 30 feet away”
Corneal light reflex testing
What is normal?
Abnormal condition? 3
Shine light toward the bridge of nose
Normal/straight/ same spot
Abnormal
Esotropia(convergent)
Exotropia(divergent)
Anisocoria(pupillary size different)
Diagnostic Positions Test
Failure means?
Failure to follow = indicates weakness of an EOM
Cover-uncover test
Asymmetry means?
Asymmetry = deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis
Droopy eyelids
- Abnormal drooping upper eyelid
- Damage to the nerves
- Weakness of the muscle
Hordeolum/stye
- A red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid
- Look like a boil or pimple
Exophthalmos
- Bulging or protruding eyeballs
- caused by thyroid eye disease
Pseudoptosis eye
Abnormal size of the eye such as the absence of eye development
The nurse is obtaining a focused review of a patient’s eye function.
What statement by the patient would require emergent medical attention?
“I see flashing lights and spots.”
Seeing spots or flashing lights could be a sign of retinal detachment, which is a medical emergency.
Scotomias?
Area of lost or depressed vision, surrounded by area of normal vision
Presbyopia?
- A gradual, age-related loss of the eyes’ ability
- Decrees function to focus actively on nearby objects
A client frequently experiences dry, irritated eyes.
These findings are consistent with a problem in what part of the eye?
Lacrimal apparatus
Eyelid
- *Eyelid**
- The eyelid provides protection to the cornea
- Two movable structures composed of skin
- two types of muscle/striated and smooth
- *Upper eyelid**
- Contain the meibomian glands, secrete an oily
- *Lower eyelid**
- Depress the eyelid in downgaze
- Maintain the upright position of tarsal plate
Pupil and Iris
Pupil
- The hole located in the iris
- Changes size to allow different amounts of light into the inner eye
Iris
- The colorful structure of the eye
- Changes the shape of the pupil to allow for different amounts
a) This gland produces the main bulk of the tears?
b) keeps cornea moist (external eye part/protection)
a) lacrimal gland
b) Lacrimal apparatus
