Ear

Question 1

External ear?

Answer 1

Outer structures of the ear that collect sound

Question 2

Pinna?

Answer 2

The medical term for the outer ear is the auricle or pinna

Question 3

External auditory meatus or canal

Answer 3

External passage for sounds collected from the pinna to the tympanum

Question 4

Cerumen　

Answer 4

A waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal

Question 5

Middle ear

Answer 5

Vibrate sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

Question 6

Eustachian tube　
Auditory tube

Answer 6

Tube connecting the middle ear to the pharynx (throat)

Question 7

Eustachian tube　

Adult and child

Answer 7

Child

• Shorter, wider, and horizontal than adult’s
• Easier to pathogens get in

From nasopharynx to migrate through to middle ear

Question 8

Cochlea

蝸牛

Answer 8

The coiled tubular structure of the inner ear

• Transforms sound waves
• System for balance.

Question 9

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 9

• The most common type
• Caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve
• Permanent

Hearing aids are the gold standard treatment

Question 10

Mixed hearing loss

Answer 10

• Combination symptoms
• May be damage in the outer or middle ear
• May be damage in the inner ear or nerve pathway to the brain

Question 11

Weber Test

Answer 11

Hit and then Place 512 fork in midline of head
Ask if the sound is louder in one ear than the other

Question 12

Rinne Test

Answer 12

Bone Conduction and Air Conduction

Normal hearing
Air-conduction time is twice as long as the bone conduction.
AC>BC

If a patient has hearing lo
-Air conduction is heard longer than bone conduction, but it is not heard to be twice as long.

Question 13

Romberg test

Answer 13

Assesses the ability of vestibular apparatus in the inner ear to help maintain standing balance

-Should be able to stand with minimal swaying for at least 5 seconds

Question 14

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 14

• Sounds cannot get through the outer and middle ear
• Range from earwax to ruptured eardrums
• Temporary

Question 15

Otoscopy

Answer 15

-To examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane

Bracing technique

Question 16

External Ear (inspect & palpate)

Adult and child

Answer 16

Adult
-Pull pinna up and back

Infant and child under 3
-Pull pinna straight down

Question 17

Presbycusis

Answer 17

• A normative age-related loss of the ability to hear high-pitched tones.
• Effect of aging on hearing by nerve degeneration
• Usually occurs in 50s

Impacted cerumen is a common but reversible cause of hearing loss in older people

Question 18

Otosclerosis

Answer 18

-Common cause of conductive hearing los young adults (between 20 to 40)

• Abnormal bone formation
• Gradual hardening that causes stapes to become fixed
• Impeding transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness

Question 19

Inspect and palpate external ear?

Answer 19

• Size and shape
• Skin condition
• Tenderness
• External auditory meatus

Question 20

Vestibular apparatus

Answer 20

Romberg test

Question 21

Air Conduction?

Differentiate between air conduction and bone conduction

Answer 21

The normal pathway of hearing;

It is the most efficient

Question 22

Bone Conduction?

Differentiate between air conduction and bone conduction

Answer 22

-Alternate route of hearing
-Bone of the skull vibrate
these vibrations are transmitted directly to the inner ear and to the cranial nerve VIII/8

Question 23

Describe the whispered voice test of the hearing acuity

Answer 23

*Stand arm’s length (2 ft.) behind the person

*Test one ear at a time/done by placing one finger on the tragus and pushing in and out of the auditory meatus.

*Exhale fully and whisper slowly a set of 3 random numbers and letters

* If the response is not correct, repeat the whispered test using a different combination of 3 numbers/letters

*A passing score is at least 3 correct out of 6 items whispered

Question 24

Subjective data-Ear

Answer 24

• Earaches
• Infections
• Discharge
• Hearing loss
• Environmental noise
• Tinnitus(Ringing or buzzing noise)
• Vertigo/ dizziness
• Self-care behaviors

Question 25

__________ is a perceived sound that has no external stimulus and is commonly heard as musical ringing or a rushing or roaring noise

Answer 25

Tinnitus

Question 26

In __________ hearing loss, sound is heard longer through air

Answer 26

sensorineural

Question 27

Sensorineural hearing loss usually starts in childhood

True or false

Answer 27

False