11.1

Question 1

Neural Signaling: 4 Steps

PICTURE

Answer 1

Reception
- Detection and stimulus
- Sensory receptors and neurons

Transmission
- Movement of neural messages from neuron to neuron, or neuron to muscle/gland (effector)

Intergration
- Sorting and interpurating neural messages to formulate a response

Response
- Output/action

Question 2

3 Class of Neural signaling

PICTURE

Answer 2

Afferent neuron
- transmits stimulus from Sensory receptors
-sensor neuron

Interneuron
- 99% neurons in human
- Found in the brain and spinal cord
-intergrates information to formulate a repsonse

Efferent neuron
- Caries response away from interneuron to effections (muscle/glands)

Motor neuron - effector neuron sending response to skeletal muscle

Question 3

Parts of a Neuron

PICTURE

Answer 3

Cell Bodies
- Contains Nucleus

Dendrites
- Projects that conduct electrical signals
- Carryies neural messages towards cell body

Axon Hillock
- Extends Right form cell body

Axon
- long extention of axon hillock

Nerves
- Bundles of axons

Question 4

Neural Support System

Answer 4

Gilil Cells
- does not conduct elec.
- provides support and nutrition
Ex. Schwann cells

• forms myelin sheal around neural.
• allows for insulation due to high fat content
• Continuesly divides throughout life
• Repairs damaged cells
  -SOurce of most brain tumors

Question 5

2 Functional subsystems

Answer 5

CNS
- consist of brain and spinal cord

PNS
- Afferent system - carries signal from sensory receptors to CNS

• Efferent system - carries signal to effector

Question 6

Efferent system

PICTURE

Answer 6

1. Somatic system
   - voluntary
   communicates with skeletal muscle
2. Autonomic
   - communicates with smooth muscle and glands

Autonomic

1. Sympathic
   - heightens during times of high stress
   - Flight or flight
   - pupils dialight
   - air page dialate
2. Parasympathic
   - Dominates during low stress situations
   - relax and digest

Question 7

Neural Circuits and Reflex Arc

Answer 7

• Rxn is instananous w/o conscious thought
• Thermal Energy detected by sensory receptors on skin
• Stimulates Afferent neuron
• Afferent neuron transmits impulses to t least two internueron in spinal cord
• Relays impulse to efferent neuron

Reflex arc is the simplest of neural circuits

Question 8

Neural circuit

Answer 8

1. the receptor
2. the afferent neuron
3. the interneuron
4. the efferent neuron
5. effector