1.1.1 Differences in achievement key words Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is meant by ‘WC’?
- Working-class.
What is meant by ‘MC’?
- Middle-class.
What is meant by ‘FSM’?
-Free school meals.
What is meant by ‘meritocracy’?
- A system which success & status depend primarily on individual talents, abilities, & effort, basis of their merits.
What is meant by ‘social mobility’?
- The shift in an individual’s social status from one status to another.
What is meant by ‘social segregation’?
- The process of separating socially similar individuals into distinct neighborhoods or communities based on factors such as race, ethnicity, or income levels.
What is meant by ‘further education’?
- Required education until 18 years of age.
- Usually sixth form or college.
What is meant by ‘higher education’?
Post-graduate qualifications.
- Mainly university.
What is meant by ‘social deprivation’?
- It refers to the state of lacking access to resources & opportunities that are necessary for social well-being.
What is meant by ‘education attainment’?
- It refers to the highest level of education completed by either the parents or the individual.
What is meant by ‘material deprivation’?
- The inability to afford basic resources and services such as sufficient food & heating.
What is meant by ‘cultural deprivation’?
- Where a person has inferior norms, values, skills & knowledge.
What is meant by ‘cultural capital’?
- The social assets of a person that can be used to increase one’s chances of success in life.
What is meant by ‘intellectual development’?
- The development of language acquisition, problem solving, learning new skills & the development of thought processes.
What is meant by ‘subcultural beliefs’?
- Values & norms distinct from those of the majority and are held by a group within a wider society.
What is meant by ‘present-time orientation’?
- Seeing the present as more important than the future & so not having long-term goals or plans and living in the present.
What is meant by ‘future-time orientation’?
- A motivational concept of future thinking, focusing on individuals’ future events and the impact on behavior & decision-making regarding the future.
What is meant by ‘immediate gratification’?
-The act of demanding/wanting pleasure now, rather than waiting for better quality rewards later.
What is meant by ‘deferred gratification’?
- The ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward in favor of a more valuable and long-lasting reward later.
What is meant by ‘fatalism’?
- A group of individuals who believe that their destinies are ruled by an unseen power so they cant change the end results of events.
What is meant by ‘activism’?
- A proactive approach or belief where individuals are encouraged to make effort and put in effort to improve status.
What is meant by ‘collectivism’?
- A cultural pattern where individuals prioritize the goals of a collective group, such as family, tribe, or nation, over their personal goals.
What is meant by ‘individualism’?
- Individualists promote realizing one’s goals and desires, valuing independence and self-reliance, & advocating that the interests of the individual should gain precedence over the state or a social group.
