11.1 Electrical Energy and Power Plants

Question 1

Electricity

Answer 1

refers to electrical energy and the movement of charge

Question 2

electrical power

Answer 2

the rate of transformation of electrical energy

Question 3

kilowatt hour

Answer 3

measure of electrical energy

Question 4

efficiency

Answer 4

a measure of how well a technology transforms energy

Question 5

Electrostatics

Answer 5

The study of electric charges that are stationary. (not moving)

Question 6

Electric Charge

Answer 6

property of matter that is responsible for all
electric and magnetic forces and interactions.

Question 7

Electric charge is described as …

Answer 7

negative
or positive.

Question 8

Static Electricity

Answer 8

A buildup of stationary electric charge on a
substance.

Question 9

Matter is composed of sub-microscopic particles
called ______.

Answer 9

atoms

Question 10

Electric charges are carried by particles within the
atom that are called ______and ______

Answer 10

electrons and protons.

Question 11

Protons are found in a small central region of the
atom called the ________.

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

protons are small, heavy
particles, and each one carries a positive electric
charge of a specific magnitude, called the
_______________.

Answer 12

elementary charge

Question 13

If an atom gains an extra electron, it is no
longer neutral but has an excess of
electrons and a net negative charge. Such
an atom is called a negative _____.

Answer 13

ion

Question 14

If an atom loses an electron, it will have a
deficit of electrons and a net positive
charge. Such an atom is called a positive
____.

Answer 14

ion

Question 15

opposite electric charges…

Answer 15

attract

Question 16

similar electric charges…

Answer 16

repel

Question 17

charged objects (positive or neg)…

Answer 17

attract neutral objects

Question 18

Charging an object involves the ____
or ______ of electrons.

Answer 18

addition; removal

Question 19

If electrons are removed from an object,
the object will be charged …

Answer 19

positively

Question 20

If electrons are added to an object the
object will be charged …

Answer 20

negatively

Question 21

Conductors are solids in which charge

Answer 21

flows freely

Question 22

examples of conductors

Answer 22

copper, gold

Question 23

Insulators are solids that…

Answer 23

hinder the flow of charge

Question 24

example of an insulator

Answer 24

rubber

Question 25

Electric charges exert forces that can ______ and _____ each other even when they are not in direct contact.

Answer 25

attract; repel

Question 26

Every charged object creates an electric _________ in the space around it and any other charged object in that field will feel a force of electrical _______ or __________.

Answer 26

field of force; attraction; repulsion

Question 27

The electric field is represented by drawing a many “field” lines around the charged object. Field lines show the _____ of the electric force on a ______ test charge placed at every point in the field.

Answer 27

direction; positive

Question 28

Field lines closer together tell us the electric field is very ________.

Answer 28

strong

Question 29

The unit we use to measure electric charge is called the ________.

Answer 29

Coulomb (C)

Question 30

what number does e represent

Answer 30

e = 1.60 x 10^-19 Coulombs

Question 31

Q

Answer 31

Q is the amount of charge on an object (measured in Coulombs)

Question 32

N

Answer 32

N is the number of elementary charges

Question 33

When there are extra electrons, e and Q are ________.

Answer 33

negative

Question 34

When there are electrons missing, e and Q are ____________.

Answer 34

positive

Question 35

_______ are continuous paths in which electric current can flow.

Answer 35

Circuits

Question 36

Circuits need to consist of a ______ loop in which the electric charge can continuously ______.

Answer 36

closed; move

Question 37

If there is a break in the path, the electrons will _____ flowing.

Answer 37

stop

Question 38

battery function

Answer 38

Source of electric energy

Question 39

wires function

Answer 39

Provide a path for the electrons to travel on.

Question 40

resistor or load function

Answer 40

Uses up the energy – often dissipates it as heat.

Question 41

voltmeter function

Answer 41

Measure electric potential difference

Question 42

ammeter function

Answer 42

Measure electric current

Question 43

Circuits are classified as either ________________ depending on how they are connected.

Answer 43

parallel or series

Question 44

series circuit

Answer 44

When a circuit is connected in series, there is only one way the electrons can go.

Question 45

parallel circuit

Answer 45

When a circuit is connected in parallel, there is more than one way the electrons can go.

Question 46

short circuit

Answer 46

A “short circuit” happens when electricity is allowed to move through a path of least resistance, in essence, not using up any energy.