11.1 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is organic chemistry defined as
The chemistry of compunds derived from living systems
When was urea synthesised and by who
In 1828
By Friedrich Wohler
What does modern organic chemistry study
The structure, properties, composition, reactions and preparation of carbon-containing compounds
What are organic compounds vital to be used in
Pharmaceuticals. detergents, dyes and pigments, cosmetics, plastics, and agricultural carbon
Why is carbon special
Group 4 on the periodic table
Each carbon atom can form four covalent bonds to other atoms
Can be single, double and triple bonds
What is a hydrocarbon
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only
What is a saturated hydrocarbon
Has single bonds only, as shown in the structure of methane
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
Contains carbon-carbon multiple bonds, as shown in the structures but-2-ene and propyne
What is a homologous series
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2- group
What is the simplest homologous series
Alkanes
What are the first three members of the alkanes
Methane
Ethane
Propane
What is a functional group
The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties
What are the bond angles around carbon in an alkane
109.5
