11.2 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Question 1

How can hydrocarbons be classified

Answer 1

Aliphatic
Alicyclic
Aromatic

Question 2

What does it mean when a hydrocarbon is classified as Aliphatic

Answer 2

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched (straight) or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings

Question 3

What does it mean when a hydrocarbon is classified as Alicyclic

Answer 3

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures, with or without branches

Question 4

What does it mean when a hydrocarbon is classified as Aromatic

Answer 4

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 5

What are the three homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons that are notable

Answer 5

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes

Question 6

What are alkanes

Answer 6

Contains single carbon-to-carbon bonds

Question 7

What are alkenes

Answer 7

Contains at least one double carbon-to-carbon bond

Question 8

What are alkynes

Answer 8

Contains at least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond

Question 9

What does the stem of the name indicate

Answer 9

The number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the molecule

Question 10

What does the prefix show

Answer 10

The presence of side chains or a functional group

Question 11

Steps to name an aliphatic alkane

Answer 11

1. All alkanes have the suffix ane
2. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
3. Identify side chains attached to the parent chain, known as akyl groups
4. Add numbers before any alkyl groups to show the position of the akyl groups on the parent chain

Question 12

What are the first 10 alkanes

Answer 12

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

Question 13

What are the first 10 alkenes`

Answer 13

Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene
Hexene
Heptene
Octene
Nonene
Decene
Undecene

Question 14

How to name alicyclic alkanes

Answer 14

Same as aliphatic alkanes

1. All alkanes have the suffix ane
2. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
3. Identify side chains attached to the parent chain, known as akyl groups
4. Add numbers before any alkyl groups to show the position of the akyl groups on the parent chain

Question 15

How to name alkenes

Answer 15

Same rules as for alkanes but with -ene suffix

1. All alkenes have the suffix -ene
2. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
3. Identify side chains attached to the parent chain, known as akyl groups
4. Add numbers before any alkyl groups to show the position of the akyl groups on the parent chain

Question 16

Process of naming compounds containing functional groups

Answer 16

1. Identify the longest unbranched chain of carbon atoms. The stem is now the name of the corresponding alkane
2. Identify any functional groups and any alkyl side chains and select the appropriate prefixes or suffixes for them
3. Number any alkyl groups and functional groups to indicate their position on the longest unbranched chain

Question 17

List of common functional groups

Answer 17

C=C

• OH
• Cl-Br-I
• CHO
• C(CO)C-
• COOH