U3 AOS1 K1-5

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

Consisting of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches and responsible for the communication between the body’s non-skeletal muscles and the internal organs and the glands that carry out bodily functions

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

The part of the neuron along which the electrochemical nerve impulse is transmitted

Question 3

Axon Terminal

Answer 3

Located at the end of the axon, it transmits messages to the next neuron by secreting neurotransmitters

Question 4

Central Nervous System

Answer 4

Comprises the brain and the brain and spinal cord, the CNS controls the body by processing and responding to sensory input from the peripheral nervous system

Question 5

Conscious Response

Answer 5

Reactions to sensory stimuli that involve awareness (voluntary)

Question 6

Excitatory Effect

Answer 6

Excitatory synapses cause the neurons to fire (glutamate)

Question 7

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Answer 7

GABA has an inhibitory effect on the brain

Approximately one third of all neurons in the brain use GABA

Question 8

Glutamate

Answer 8

An excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in learning

Question 9

Inhibitory Effect

Answer 9

Inhibitory synapses prevent neurons from firing (GABA)

Question 10

Lock and Key Process

Answer 10

When a presynaptic neuron fires, the synaptic vesicles move towards the presynaptic membrane. Some synaptic vesicles stick to the membrane and break open to release the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Once in the synaptic cleft, some of the neurotransmitters will bind with ‘receptors’ that are located in the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 11

Myelin

Answer 11

A white, fatty, waxy substance that coats some axons and insulates them, protecting them from electrical interference from other neurons; this increases the efficiency of transmission of nerve impulses

Question 12

Neuron

Answer 12

Nerve cells, responsible for communication within the body

Question 13

Neurotransmitter

Answer 13

Chemicals that help the communication across nerve synapses

Question 14

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 14

A branch of the autonomic nervous system, responsible for maintaining our day to day functioning and for most of the automatic functions of the body such as digestion, heart rate, breathing and some glandular functions

Question 15

Parkinsons Disease

Answer 15

A progressive neurological condition, known to affect the control of movement

Question 16

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 16

Communicates information from the body to the central nervous system (for example aches and pains) and to the body’s organs, gland and muscles.

Question 17

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 17

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information into the central nervous system and motor commands from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.

Question 18

Spinal Cord

Answer 18

The bundle of nerve fibres connecting the brain with the peripheral nervous system

Question 19

Spinal Reflex

Answer 19

An action controlled by the spinal cord not the brain

Question 20

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 20

A branch of the autonomic nervous system that activates the fight-flight-freeze response

Question 21

Synapse

Answer 21

The connection between two neurons

Question 22

Synaptic Gap

Answer 22

(Cleft) The gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells

Question 23

Unconscious Response

Answer 23

Reactions to sensory stimuli that do not involve awareness (involuntary)

Question 24

Nervous System

Answer 24

The nervous system is a communication system between the body’s internal cells and organs and the external environment.

Question 25

Functions Of the Nervous System

Answer 25

Receive information
Process information
Coordinate response

Question 26

Divisions of the Nervous System

Answer 26

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 27

Divisions of the Central Nervous System

Answer 27

Brain

Spinal Cord

Question 28

Divisions of The Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 28

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous system

Question 29

Somatic Nervous System Information (neurons)

Answer 29

Carries sensory information to the CNS and motor information from the CNS
(afferent = incoming, towards brain, sensory neurons)
(efferent = outgoing, towards skeletal muscles, motor neurons)

Question 30

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 30

Connects the CNS to the body’s internal organs and glands and is self regulating without conscious control

Question 31

The Brain

Answer 31

“Control centre” Brain cells are organised into regions that have specialised functions

Question 32

Parkinson’s Disease Cause

Answer 32

Caused by a lack of dopamine producing neurons released in the substantia nigra
The primary motor cortex, which initiates voluntary movements, receives inadequate information due to insufficient and impaired activation by dopamine.