Module 6: Manipulating genomes

Question 1

What are exons

Answer 1

Coding DNA

Question 2

What are introns

Answer 2

Non coding DNA

Question 3

What is sataltide DNA

Answer 3

short DNA sequenes that are repeated

Question 4

What is a mini satalite

Answer 4

DNA sequence that are 20-50 pairs long

repeated 50-100 times

Question 5

What are mircosatalites

Answer 5

DNA sequence 2-4 bases

repeated 5-15 times

Question 6

Where do we find satalites

Answer 6

on the same area of a chromosome

Question 7

What is the principle of DNA profiling

Answer 7

different people have different number of repeats as they have differnet satalite patterns

Question 8

What do we use DNA profiling for

Answer 8

Paternal testing
Looking for diseases
Forensics

Question 9

What are the stages of DNA profiling

Answer 9

1. Extract DNA
2. Amplify DNA though PCR
3. Add restriction endonucleuases
4. Gel electrophresis
5. Southern Blotting
6. Hybridisation

Question 10

What goes into a thermal cycler (PCR machine)

Answer 10

Primers
Nucleotides
Taq polymerase

Question 11

What happens during PCR

Answer 11

1. temp is at 95 degrees, the hydorgen bonds between base pairs break
2. temp lowered to 55, primers anneal at the end of the DNA strand
3. Temp increased to 72, free DNA nucelotides bind onto exposed base pairs and taq polyermase reforms the sugar phosphate backbone

Question 12

Why do we use Taq polymerase

Answer 12

It is found in hot springs
it can survive at high temperatures and it won’t denature
therefore it can be used in many cycles

Question 13

What is a primer

Answer 13

short piece of single stranded DNA that is complimentary to the bases at the start of the DNA fragement you want