Ovine and Caprine Diseases

Question 1

Anthrax

Answer 1

Bacillus anthracis

Vaccine in the presence of an outbreak.

Question 2

Big Head

Answer 2

Clostridium noyvi, C. sordellii, C. chauveoi
Head and neck swelling
Bruising and lacerations from head butting
Antibiotics

Question 3

Black Disease

Answer 3

C. noyvi type B
Necrosis of liver
Vaccine available
Found in soil, organisms have to ingest it, and control of liver fluke infestation is important in preventng disease.

Question 4

Blackleg

Answer 4

C. chauveoi, sudden death and muscle necrosis, vaccine available

Question 5

Botulism

Answer 5

C. chauveoi, sudden death and muscle necrosis, vaccine available

Question 6

Brucellosis

Answer 6

Brucella ovis (sheep) Brucella melitensis (goats, cause abortion in sheep), vaccine with limitations, caused by contaminated feed or water, not treatment, causes 
 Malta fever in humans, ABORTION, in contact with infected cattle, epididymitis in rams, cannot be spread from ewe to ewe (passes in semen)

Question 7

Caseous Lymphadenitis

Answer 7

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, abscessation of lymph nodes. The organism can gain access through ingestion, mucous membranes superficial wounds, vaccination is controversial.

Question 8

Chlamydophilosis

Answer 8

Chlamydia psittaci, also known as enzootic abortion in ewes EAE, number one cause of abortion in goats, most common clinical sign is abortion last 2-3 weeks of gestation, vaccines only prevent abortion not disease.

Question 9

Clostridium Perfringens Infection

Answer 9

Diarrhea, vaccine available, All four types can cause diarrhea, type A is commonly known for diarrhea in neonates, types b and c are also known as lamb dysentery, type c commonly affects goats, and commonly referred to as “struck”, usually affects lambs with highest feed to grain ratios and in best condition.

Question 10

Foot rot

Answer 10

Fusobacterium necrophorum, Dichelobacter nodosus, lameness, vaccine available

Question 11

Joint III

Answer 11

Sepsis, primarily occurs in kids, predisposing factors include overcrowding and unsanitary conditions

Question 12

Leptospirosis

Answer 12

Leptospira species, abortion, reportable disease, vaccine available

Question 13

Listeriosis

Answer 13

Listeria monocytogenes, neurologic genes and abortion. More prevalent in goats than in sheep or cattle.

Question 14

Malignant Edema

Answer 14

Clostridium septicum, malaise and edema, vaccine available

Question 15

Paratuberculosis (Johne Disease)

Answer 15

Mycobacterium avium, chronic diarrhea and malaise

Question 16

Pinkeye

Answer 16

Moraxella bovis, eye inflammation and irritation vaccine available

Question 17

Tetanus

Answer 17

Clostridium tetani, severe stiffness, vaccine available

Question 18

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Answer 18

prion, malaise, neurologic, also known as “scrapie” Suffolk are most commonly diagnosed. No treatment.

Question 19

Vibrosis

Answer 19

Campylobactor jejuni C. fetus, abortion, vaccine available, lives in the intestines of birds, sheep, and dogs, number one cause of abortion in sheep,

Question 20

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 20

Toxoplasma gondii, protozoan, abortion, Aborted tissues may be infectious to humans and should be handled with caution, reduce cat access and clean up abortion tissue

Question 21

Sheep vaccines

Answer 21

Clostridiums- 4-6 weeks before parturition, never been vaccinated 4 weeks apart with last dose 4-6 weeks before parturtion.
Lepto- only used in high risk herds.
Sore mouth-2m before birth, booster every 5-12m ( live virus can spread up to 8 weeks after vaccine, use in infected herds only)
Foot rot- 4wks before birth and every 4-6m
Rabies- common in pet sheep and endemic areas
E coli- only used in 1-2 day old lamb if diarrhea occurs.

Question 22

Blue tongue

Answer 22

orbivirus, abortion, noncontagious and effects all ruminants, Culicoides gnat or midge transmit virus, cause ulcerations on mouth, if not aborted lambs are born with hydranenephaly

Question 23

Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis

Answer 23

retrovirus, pneumonia and neurologic, one of three forms neurologic arthritic, and mastitis, transmitte through clostridium. Kids 1-4m affected by the neurological side.

Question 24

Contagious Ecthyma

Answer 24

poxvirus, also known as contagious viral pustular dermatitis, orf , sore mouth, scabby mouth, vaccines not recommended for disease free herds, vaccine is live virus, so animals are contagious for up to 8 weeks, highly zoonotic may produce lesions on hands of people.

Question 25

Foot and mouth disease

Answer 25

Picornaviridae, vesicular disease,

Question 26

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia

Answer 26

retrovirus, sheep are most commonly infected through milk, and colostrum, goats are rarely infected, coughing, has no treatment.

Question 27

Entropian

Answer 27

Genetic, Inward rolling of the eyelid, most common in neonatal lambs=.

Question 28

Freemartinism

Answer 28

male and female twins causing infertility rare in goats and sheep

Question 29

Hereditary Chondrodysplasia

Answer 29

Genetic, also known as spider lamb primarily affects Suffolk and Hampshire breeds ovine chromosone 6

Question 30

Metritis

Answer 30

Uterine infection, metritis endometritis, and pyometra are not common in sheep and goats but sometimes after dystocia or retained placenta

Question 31

Milk fever

Answer 31

decreased calcium, down cow,

Question 32

Pregnancy toxemia

Answer 32

inadequate caloric intake secondary to to multiple fetuses also known as ketosis

Question 33

Vaginal prolapse

Answer 33

common in ewes, uncommon in goats, can be repaired with a retainer

Question 34

Uterine prolapse

Answer 34

dairy cows and ewes

Question 35

Rectal prolapse

Answer 35

small ruminants rectal prolapse can be corrected with prolapse rings, syringe cases, and platic tubing

Question 36

Urinary Calculi

Answer 36

dietary, stones in urinary tract, also known as “water belly” most common in males