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APR > Chapter 6 & 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 & 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint lacks a cavity and is held together by a fibrous connective tissue?

A

Fibrous joint

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2
Q

What is the functional classification of a joint that is freely moveable?

A

Diarthrosis

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3
Q

What is the functional classification of a joint that is slightly moveable?

A

Amphiarthrosis

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4
Q

What is the functional classification of a joint that is immovable?

A

Synarthrosis

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5
Q

What functional class of joint is a suture

A

Synathrosis

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6
Q

What is the name of the fibrous joint that is composed of a thin layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue found between the bones of the skull?

A

Suture

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7
Q

The epiphyseal plate in a long bone is an example of which type of joint?

A

Synchondrosis

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8
Q

The joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum is classified as what type of joint?

A

A synchondrosis, synarthrosis and cartilaginous joint

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of synovial joints?

A

Contains a joint cavity
Are freely movable
Articulating bones covered by hyaline cartilage
Have ligaments holding the joint together

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10
Q

What type of tissue are ligaments made of?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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11
Q

What type of logaments are found at the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint?

A

Extra-capsular ligaments

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12
Q

What are the functions of articular discs?

A

Shock absorption
Weight distribution
Adaptable surfaces for movement

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13
Q

What are two structures that reduce friction in the joint?

A

Synovial fluid and bursae

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14
Q

In which type of synovial joint does a rounded or pointed surface on one bone articulate with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament?

A

Pivot joint e.g between the head of radius and radial notch of ulna

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15
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiphyseal plate made up of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

What is the most important hormone in calcium regulation?

A

Parathyroid hormone

17
Q

What type of tissue is medial collateral ligament?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

18
Q 
All of the following ligaments are related to the hip joint except?
A) zona orbicularis 
B) iliofemoral
C) acetabular
D) all of the above
A

D all of the above

19
Q

True or false? The accessory ligaments are used to reduce friction

A

False - it’s the job of synovial fluid and bursa

20
Q

What are the basic functions of bones?

A

Support for soft tissues
Protect internal organs
Assist in body movements
Store and release salts of calcium & phosphorus
Blood cell production (hemopoiesis)
Triglycerides storage in adipose cells of yellow marrow

21
Q

What does the spongy bone contain?

A

Red bone marrow

22
Q

What type of tissue lines the medullary cavity?

A

Endosteum

23
Q

What is in the medullary cavity?

A

Yellow bone marrow in adults

Nutrient artery

24
Q

Name the four types of bone tissue cells

A

Osteoprogenitor - stem cells
Osteoblasts- bone building
Osteocytes- mature bone
Osteoclasts- remodelling bone

25
Q

What are the four parts of compact bone (osteon)

A

Lamellae- concentric rings of mineral
Lacunae- spaces bwtn lamellae contains osteocytes
Canalculi- routes for nutrients and waste exchange for osteocytes
Central canal - contains blood vessels

26
Q

What are trabeculae?

A

Columns of bone in spongy bone that contains: lamellae, osteocytes in Lucanae, canalculi
NO central canal

27
Q

What are the features of the periosteum?

A

Protects the bone - attaches to it by perforating fibers (sharpey’s)
Assists in fracture repair
Helps nourish the bone
Attachment point for ligaments and tendons

28
Q

What are the features of endosteum?

A

Lines the medullary cavity
Single layer of bone forming cells
Contributes to the thickening of the bone

29
Q

What are the features of yellow marrow?

A

Fatty tissue occupying the marrow cavity within the diaphysis
Stores triglycerides as potential chemical energy reserves
Contributes in minimizing the weight of long bones w/out compromising strength

30
Q

What are the features of red marrow

A

Connective tissue that generates the blood cells by hemopoiesis
Consists of developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages in a network of reticular fibers
Only present in some bones in adults: coxal, sternum, vertebral bodies, ribs and skull

31
Q

What four situations does bone form?

A
  1. During embryonic & fetal development
  2. When bones grow before adulthood
  3. When bones remodel
  4. When fractures heal
32
Q

What 4 types of tissue are bones formed of?

A

Osseous tissue
Periosteum
Endosteum
Red and yellow bone marrow

APR (9 decks)

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