chapter 7 - the origins of emotion, temperament, and personality Flashcards
emotion
a transient state that corresponds to physiological states and cognitive processes associated with distinct internal sensations, or feelings
functionalist approach
an approach to emotion that stresses the function of emotional responses - specifically, that emotions help mobilize us to take action toward goals
basic emotions
an emotion, such as joy, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear, or anger, that is thought to be present in young infants and that is one of the building blocks for the emergence of later more complex emotions; also referred to as a primary emotion
complex emotions
an emotion, such as guilt or pride, that is thought to emerge later in development and that may build on interactions of basic emotions and involve supporting cognitions
self-conscious emotion
an emotion that requires some degree of self-awareness and an evaluation of the self as distinct from others and in relation to others
amygdala
a brain structure that is located near the brain’s midline in the right and left temporal lobes and that is involved in the manifestation and regulation of emotions
machiavellian emotion
an emotional expression that is used to produce an effect in others and that does not necessarily reflect the emotion actually felt by the agent expressing it
negativity bias
a bias to pay more attention to and/or weigh more heavily negative rather than positive information
emotional contagion
a process in which the emotional states of others, such as laughter or sadness, become manifested in a person who is exposed to those states
emotional regulation
the ways in which people of all ages influence the particular emotions they experience, when and how they experience them, and how they reveal these emotions
situation modification
a method of emotional regulation that involves changing the circumstances that bring about an emotional reaction
situation selection
a method of emotional regulation that involves choosing one’s circumstances based, in part, on the kind of emotional reaction they elicit
attentional deployment
a method of emotional regulation that involves purposely shifting the focus of one’s thoughts in a away that makes a situation feel less emotionally charged
response modification
a form of emotional regulation that involves managing an emotional reaction by directly influencing the response itself or engaging in an activity that indirectly reduces anxiety or increases arousal
display rules
norms governing the kinds of emotional expressions a particular group considers appropriate in particular situations
