More General Paeds

Question 1

If the pain is closer to the umbilicus - then what is true?

Answer 1

there is less chance of a pathology

remember guarding etc on examination

Question 2

what is Murphy’s triad of appendicitis?

Answer 2

pain

vomiting

fever

Question 3

tenderness over mcburny’s point is classic of?

Answer 3

appendicitis

Question 4

complication of appendicitis

Answer 4

abscess

mass

peritonitis

Question 5

NSAP

Answer 5

non specific abdominal pain (classic of early appendicitis)

Question 6

NSAP - what condition may cause this?

Answer 6

mesenteric adenitis

penumonia (usually on right)

Question 7

what are the common symptoms of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 7

non bilious vomiting (projectile)

weight loss

Question 8

how do you test for pyloric stenosis?

Answer 8

gases (alkalosis, hypokalaemia)

test feed

US

Question 9

3 day old baby vomiting GREEN may be a sign of:

Answer 9

malrotation and volvulus

Question 10

how do you investigate malrotation and volvulus?

Answer 10

upper GI contrast study

Question 11

Intussusception signs

Answer 11

6 - 9 months old

baby is crying

bilious vomiting (green!)

low capillary refill time

Question 12

how do you investigate intussusception?

Answer 12

USS abdomen

you see a ‘target sign’ in the scan

Question 13

what is gastroschisis?

Answer 13

abdominal wall defect

Question 14

what is exomphalos?

Answer 14

umbilical defect with covered viscera

Question 15

child presents with a groin swelling:

Answer 15

hernia

Question 16

how do you manage a hernia?

Answer 16

urgent surgical referral and repair

Question 17

where are hernia’s usually in children?

Answer 17

inguinal hernia

Question 18

Hydrocele

Answer 18

SCROTAL swelling

common in newborns, painless, blueish colour

Question 19

undescended testes name

Answer 19

cryptorchidism

Question 20

what is an orchidopexy?

Answer 20

movement of an undescended testicle into the scrotum

Question 21

when would you consider circumcision?

Answer 21

balanitis xerotica obliterans

religious

UTI

Question 22

differentials for acute scrotal pain

Answer 22

torsion testis

torsion appendix testis

epididymitis

trauma

hydrocele

Question 23

assessing a UTI

Answer 23

history and exam

USS

renography (MAG3, DMSA)

micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)

Question 24

what does a T-MAG3 renogram show?

Answer 24

drainage reflux (function)

Question 25

what does a Tc-DMSA renogram show?

Answer 25

function scarring

Question 26

anatomy that effects breathing of a child

Answer 26

Small total surface area for air tissue interface

Lower airways small- easily obstructed

Diaphragmatic breathing

Fewer type I (slow twitch) fibres- easy fatigue

Soft non-calcified bones- v. compliant chest wall- recession and in-drawing

Horizontal ribs- less expansion

Question 27

HEADSS - in taking an adolescent history

Answer 27

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