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Pharmacology > EXCRETION > Flashcards

EXCRETION Flashcards

1
Q

Excretion definition

A

Excretion is the passage out of systemically absorbed drugs

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2
Q

Sites of secretion

A

Urine, GIT, Exhaled air, Sweat, Milk, Saliva

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3
Q

Renal excretion happens in 3 phases

A

1) Glomerular filtration
2) Tubular reabsorption
3) Tubular secretion

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4
Q

What is filtered during glomerular filtration

A

All non-protein bound drug whether lipid-soluble or lipid-insoluble is filtered

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5
Q

Glomerular filtration of a drug depends on ……………….. and …………

A

its plasma protein binding ……… renal blood flow.

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6
Q

Tubular reabsorption occurs by ……

A

passive diffusion

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7
Q

Tubular reabsorption depends on

A

Lipid solubility and ionization of the drug at the existing urinary pH

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8
Q

What drugs are reabsorbed by the tubules

A

Lipid-soluble drugs only

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9
Q

What type of drug is less absorbed in acidic urine?

A

Weak bases because they are more ionized

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10
Q

What type of drug is less absorbed in alkaline urine?

A

Weak acids because they are more ionized

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11
Q

How to eliminate a drug in poisined person?

A

Urine in alkanized in barbiturate and salicylate and asprin poisoning

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12
Q

Tubular secretion definition

A

It is the active transfer of organic acids and bases by 2 seperate classes of relatively non-specific transporters present at the proximal tubules

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13
Q

The gates at the proximal tubules are highly specific so they are site of ……..

A

Drug competition and drug interactions

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14
Q

Weak acid drug examples

A

Penicillin, uric acid, probenecid

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15
Q

Weak base drugs examples:

A

Digoxin , quinidine

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16
Q

How to decrease urinary excretion of penicillin?

A

Add probenecid

17
Q

How to decrease urinary excretion of digoxin?

A

Add Quinidine

18
Q

Quinidine is used to treat ….

A

Heart arrhythmias

19
Q

What is excreted through saliva?

A

Iodine, morphine and heavy metals

20
Q

What is excreted through stomach?

A

Morphine

21
Q

What is excreted through large intestine?

A

Unabsorbed oral drugs or bile excreted drugs

22
Q

What is excreted through bile?

A

Some can be absorbed and enter the enterohepatic circulation like morphine and digitoxin
Some antibiotics are excreted in bile like ampicillin and rifampicin used to treat typhoid fever

23
Q

What is excreted through exhaled air?

A

Gases and volatile liquids (general anesthetics and alcohol)

24
Q

What is excreted through sweat?

A

Heavy metals and rafimpicin

25
Q

What is excreted through milk?

A

MOst drugs enter breast milk by passive diffusion

Example: Morphine, purgatives and tetracycline

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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