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05. Year 1: Cardiovascular System COPY > Anatomy of the CVS 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the CVS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CVS composed of?

A

Heart

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

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2
Q

What does the heart act as?

A

Pump

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3
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Distribute blood away from the heart

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4
Q

What do veins do?

A

Collect and return blood to the heart

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5
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Exchange nutrients

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6
Q

What does the structure of a blood vessel consist of?

A

Tunica externa

Tunica media

Tunica intima

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7
Q

What is A?

A

Tunica externa

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8
Q

What is B?

A

Tunica media

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9
Q

What is C?

A

Tunica intima

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10
Q

What is the structure of the heart wall composed of?

A

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

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11
Q

How is the structure of the heart and blood vessels similar?

A

The heart is like an expanded, folded muscular blood vessel

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12
Q

What is the tunica intima composed of?

A

Epithelium

Basement membrane

Connective tissue

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13
Q

What is the tunica media composed of?

A

Muscle

Elastic tissue

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14
Q

What is the tunica externa (adventitia) composed of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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15
Q

What are some general differences between arteries and veins?

A

Arteries have a smaller diameter

Arteries have a thicker wall

Arteries thick media and thin adventitia

Veins thin media and thick adventitia

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16
Q

How does the media and adventitia compare in arteries and veins?

A

Arteries have thick media and thin adventitia

Veins have thin media and thick adventitia

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17
Q

What is A?

A

Arteries

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18
Q

What is B?

A

Vein

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19
Q

How does the individual diameter compare between arteries, arterioles and capillaries?

A

Arteries > Arterioles > Capillaries

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20
Q

How does the total cross sectional area compare between arteries, arterioles and capillaries?

A

Arteries < Arterioles < Capillaries

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21
Q

How does the lumen size compare between:

Aorta
Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Small veins
Medium veins
Large vains

A
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22
Q

What are the different types of arteries?

A

Elastic (large conducting)

Muscular (distributing)

Arterioles (terminal branches)

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23
Q

How would you describe elastic arteries?

A

Large conducting

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24
Q

What are examples of elastic arteries?

A

Aorta

Common carotid

Pulmonary

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25
Q

How would you describe muscular arteries?

A

Distributing arteries

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26
Q

What are examples of muscular arteries?

A

Coronary arteries

Radial

Femoral

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27
Q

What do elastic arteries act as?

A

Pressure reservoir

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28
Q

How do elastic arteries function?

A

Stretched during systole

During diastole heart relaxes and pressure falls, artery recoilds therby maintaining pressure on the blood

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29
Q

What is the recoil and stretch ability of elastic arteries due to?

A

Presence of extensive amounts of elastic fibres in tunica media

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30
Q

What are elastic fibres of elastic arteries secreted by?

A

Smooth muscle

31
Q

Where are the vast amounts of elastic fibres in elastic arteries found?

A

Tunica media

32
Q

What is present in the histology of elastic arteries?

A

Elastic laminae

33
Q

What is present in the thick tunica media of muscular arteries?

A

Smooth muscle cells

34
Q

What is not present in the tunica media of muscular arteries that is present in elastic arteries?

A

Elastic laminae

35
Q

Where are the elastic fibres in a muscular artery?

A

Concentrated in 2 well defined sheets called internal elastic lamina (IEL)

36
Q

How do arterioles differ from other arteries?

A

No internal elastic lamina

37
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle is present in the tunica media of arterioles?

A

1-2 layers

38
Q

What layer is missing from arterioles?

A

Tunica adventitia

39
Q

What do arterioles control?

A

Blood flow to capillary bed (local)

Blood pressure (systemic)

40
Q

What do arterioles have a rich innervation of?

A

Sympathetic nerves

41
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Main exchange site for nutrients and gases

42
Q

What can you say about the walls of capillaries?

A

1 cell thick

43
Q

What layers are capillaries missing?

A

No tunica media or tunica adventitia

44
Q

What helps to direct blood flow in capillaries?

A

Pericytes

45
Q

What are pericytes?

A

Incomplete layer of cells surrounding basement membrane which have contractile properties to help control flow of blood in capillaries

46
Q

How is blood pressure in capillaries low?

A

Sum of diameters of all capillaries in the body is greater than the diameter of the aorta

47
Q

What are the 3 kinds of capillaries?

A
48
Q

How do continuous capillaries control gas exchange?

A

Material must pass through cell or between cells (junctions can control)

Selective transport mechanisms

49
Q

What is present on fenestrated capillaries?

A

Fenestrations (pores)

With or without protein diaphragms

50
Q

What do protein diaphragms do?

A

Filter molecules by molecular weight and/or charge

51
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

Endocrine glands

Kidney renal corpuscle

52
Q

What is unique about discontinuous capillaries?

A

Gap between endothelial cells (and basement membrane) allowing free passage of fluid and cells

53
Q

Where are discontinuous capillaries found?

A

Liver

Spleen

Bone marrow

54
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Large diameter discontinuous capillaries

55
Q

Where are sinusoids found?

A

Where large amounts of exchange take place

56
Q

What does the tunica intima of sinusoid capillaries contain?

A

Phagocytic cells

57
Q

Where are sinusoid capillaries found?

A

Liver

Some endocrine glands

58
Q

What can be used to bypass capillary beds?

A

Arteriovenous (AV) shunt

59
Q

Where are AV shunts found?

A

Skin for thermoregulation

60
Q

Where does blood flow go after the capillary bed?

A

Small venule > small-medium sized vein > large vein

61
Q

What are the different layers of a vein like?

A

Tunica intima is thin

Internal elastic lamina (IEL) is thin or absent

Tunica media is very thin or absent

Tunica adventitia is collagenous tissue

62
Q

What are valves?

A

Endothelial projections into the lumen to prevent backflow

63
Q

What are endothelial projections into the lumen to prevent backflow called?

A

Valves

64
Q

What are the differences between superficial and deep veins?

A

Superficial veins are thick walled and have no surrounding support

Deep veins are thin walled and surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles

65
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

Drains tissue fluid lost from blood capillaries

66
Q

Where does the lymphatic system drain into?

A

Systemic venous system

67
Q

Where are nodes of the lymphatic system found?

A

Alongside major veins and around origins of major arteries

68
Q

What directs the flow in the lymphatic system?

A

Valves

69
Q

Are fenestrations present in lymph capillaries?

A

No

70
Q

Describe the structure of lymphatic capillaries?

A

Lined by very thin endothelial

No fenestrations

Absent/rudimentary basal lamina

71
Q

What keeps the lumen of lymph vessels open?

A

Maintained at negative hydrostatic pressure

Anchoring filaments, fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue to keep lumen open

72
Q

What supplies blood to a blood vessel?

A

Vasa vasorum

73
Q

Where are the lymphatics of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica adventitia

05. Year 1: Cardiovascular System COPY (41 decks)

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