1.3 advanced routing

Question 1

What is PAT?

Answer 1

Port Address Translation: dynamic NAT that supports multiple device private IP translations at once. It does this by appending source and destination ports to IP addresses.

Question 2

What is NAT?

Answer 2

Network Address Translation: translates a single private IP address into internet routable public IPs. Only works with one device.

Question 3

Source NAT and destination NAT are also known as…

Answer 3

Source NAT = Port Address Translation/NAT overload

Destination NAT = port forwarding

Question 4

What is port forwarding?

Answer 4

A form of static NAT, directs authorized inbound traffic on a particular port to a specific server or application on the network.

Question 5

What are Mode A and Mode B in PoE?

Answer 5

Mode A: power over the data wire pairs

Mode B: power over the spare wire pairs

Question 6

What is static NAT?

Answer 6

NAT with a consistent public IP address associated with a server on a network.
Port forwarding is an example.

Question 7

What is dynamic NAT?

Answer 7

Router or NAT device gets a different public address from a pool each time the router translates the local address to a public address.
PAT is an example.

Question 8

What is the primary difference between PAT and port forwarding?

Answer 8

PAT = Private IP on the network is a client/initiates connection

Port forwarding = Private IP on the network is a server/responds to forwarded requests.

Question 9

What is Link-state routing?

Answer 9

routing protocols that route based on link speed, prioritizes fast bandwidth

Question 10

What is distance-vector routing?

Answer 10

routing protocols that route based on with “hops” being the number of routers traffic passes through, prioritizes least number of hops.

Question 11

What are some examples of circuit-switched networks?

Answer 11

POTS/Dial-Up
PSTN
T1/T3
ISDN

Question 12

What are some examples of packet-switched networks?

Answer 12

DSL
SONET/ATM
MPLS
Satelite
WiFi
cable modem

Question 13

What is distributed switching?

Answer 13

A form of SDN that uses virtualized switches to preserve connectivity and propagate settings associated with a host or VM regardless of where the server is logically hosted, or physical layout.

Question 14

What is an IGP? Examples?

Answer 14

Internal Gateway Protocol: Protocols used to route within an Autonomous System.

RIP, EIGRP, OSPF

Question 15

What are four dynamic routing protocols?

Answer 15

RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP

Question 16

What are the characteristics of BGP?

Answer 16

It is dynamic routing protocol that routes between autonomous systems (EGP). It is hybrid (both link state and distance vector).

Question 17

What are the characteristics of OSPF?

Answer 17

It is dynamic routing protocol that routes within an autonomous system (IGP). It is link-state.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of RIP?

Answer 18

It is dynamic routing protocol that routes within an autonomous system (IGP). It is distance-vector.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of EIGRP?

Answer 19

It is dynamic routing protocol that routes within an autonomous system (IGP). It is distance-vector.