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Pharmacology - FTCM 1 > Adrenergic Agonists & Antagonists > Flashcards

Adrenergic Agonists & Antagonists Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine

A 
Receptor: a1, B1 & B2
Use:
- anaphylactic shock
- acute asthmatic attacks
- cardiac arrest
- local anesthetics

Low dose:

  • B1 & B2
  • dec. PVR
  • inc. systalic pressure
  • inc. HR

High dose:

  • inc. BP
  • inc. ventricular contraction
  • inc. HR
  • vasoconstriction
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2
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Receptors: a1, a2 & B1
Use:
- shock (inc. vascular resistance & inc. BP)

Action:

  • peripheral vasoconstriction
  • inc. cardiac contractility
  • inc. PVR, systolic & diastolic BP
  • bradycardia reflex
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3
Q

Dopamine

A 
Receptor: D1, B1 & a1
Use: 
- severe CHF
- Cardiogenic shock
- septic shock

Low dose: (D1)

  • vasodilation
  • inc. GFR
  • inc. renal blood flow
  • inc. sodium excretion

High dose: (a1)

  • vasoconstriction
  • inc. BP
  • inc. total peripheral resistance
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4
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Non-selective B-agonist
Receptor: B1 & B2
Use:
- stimulate HR, bradycardia/heart block

Effects:

  • inc. HR, contraction, cardiac output (B1)
  • vasodilation (B2)
  • bronchodilation (B2)
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5
Q

Dobutamine

A 
B1-selective agonist
Receptor: B1
Use:
- acute heart failure
- cardiogenic shock

Effect:

  • mild vasodilation
  • inc. myocardial O2 consumption
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6
Q

Albuterol
Formoterol
Salmeterol

A

B2-agonist

Use:
- Acute asthma

Effect:
- bronchodilation

Adverse:

  • tremor
  • restlessness
  • apprehension
  • anxiety
  • tachycardia
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7
Q

Mirabegron

A

B3-adrenergic agonist

Use:

  • overactive bladder
  • urinary incontinence

Effect:

  • detrusor muscle relaxation
  • inc. bladder capacity

Adverse:

  • inc. BP
  • inc. UTI
  • headache

Moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor

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8
Q

Phenylephrine

A

a1-selective agonist

Use:

  • decongestant
  • mydriasis
  • hypotension

Effect:

  • vasoconstriction
  • dec. HR
  • inc. BP
  • inc. PVR
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9
Q

Clonidine

A

Partial a2-adrenergic agonist

Use:
- HTN

Adverse:

  • lethargy
  • sedation
  • xerostomia

Effect:
- dec. sympathetic outflow

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10
Q

Methyldopa

A

a2-adrenergic agonist

Use:
- HTN, pregnancy

Adverse:

  • sedation
  • impaired mental concentration
  • xerostomia
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11
Q

Brimonidine

A

Highly selective a2-adrenergic agonist

Use:
- intraocular pressure, glaucoma

Effect:

  • dec. aqueous humor production
  • inc. outflow
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12
Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect acting

Use:

  • ADHD
  • Narcolepsy

Adverse:

  • nervousness
  • palpitations
  • insomnia
  • HTN
  • hyperthermia
  • anorexia
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13
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Indirect acting

Use:
- ADHD, children

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14
Q

Tyramine

A

Can precipitate serious vasopressor episodes in patients taking MAO inhibitors

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15
Q

Cocaine

A

Uptake inhibitor
Block monoamine reuptake
Monoamines accumulate in synaptic space

Adverse:

  • seizures
  • arrhythmia
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16
Q

Atomoxetine

A

Use:
- ADHD

Uptake inhibitor
Block monoamine reuptake
Monoamines accumulate in synaptic space

Selective inhibitor of NET

Adverse:

  • seizures
  • arrhythmia
17
Q

Modafinil

A

Use:
- narcolepsy

Psychostimulant

Inhibits NE and DA transporters
Inc. NE, DA, 5-HT, & glutamate
Dec. GABA

18
Q

Ephedrine

A

Mixed-acting adrenergic agonist

Use:

  • spinal anesthesia
  • Myasthenia Gravis

Effect:

  • induce release of NE
  • activate adrenergic receptors
  • long duration
19
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Mixed-acting adrenergic agonist

Use:
- decongestant

20
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Non-selective a-Adrenergic blocker (irreversible)

Use:
- pheochromacytoma, prior to surgery

Effect:
- + epinephrine = dec. BP

21
Q

Phentolamine

A

Non-selective a-Adrenergic blocker (reversible)

Use:

  • pheochromacytoma, HTN
  • pheochromacytoma, diagnosis
  • prevention of dermal necrosis
  • HTN crisis, stimulant overdose
22
Q

Prazosin
Doxazosin
Terazosin
Tamsulosin

A

a1-selective Adrenergic blocker

Use:

  • HTN
  • BPH

Pra. = prototype

Dox. & Ter. = longer half-life

Tam. = less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension & little effect on HTN

23
Q

Propranolol

Nadolol

A

Non-selective B-blocker

Use:
- esophogeal varices bleeding prevention

Effect:

  • slow HR
  • dec. myocardial contractility

Contraindicated in patients w/asthma

Adverse:

  • bronchoconstriction
  • hypoglycemia
24
Q

Timolol

A

Non-selective B-blocker

Use:
- glaucoma, dec. intraocular pressure

Adverse:

  • bronchoconstriction
  • hypoglycemia
25
Q

Atenolol

Metoprolol

A

B1-selective adrenergic antagonist

Use:

  • HTN, impaired pulmonary function
  • HTN, diabetic
26
Q

Esmolol

A

B1-selective adrenergic antagonist

Use:
- control ventricular rate in patients w/a-fib & atrial flutter

27
Q

Labetalol

A

a1 & B1 blockers (favors B antagonism)

Use:
- HTN

28
Q

Carvedilol

A

a1 & B1 blockers

Use:

  • HTN
  • CHF

Antioxidant properties

29
Q

Pindolol

A

Partial B-agonist

Use:

  • diminished cardiac reserve
  • bradycardia
30
Q

a-Methyltyrosine

Metyrosine

A

Inhibitor of NE synthesis

Competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydoxylase

Use:
- malignant pheochromacytoma

31
Q

Reserpine

A

Inhibitor of NE storage

Effect:

  • irreversibly blocks VMAT
  • dec. BP
  • slow HR

Use:
- HTN, past

32
Q

Tetrabenazine

A

Inhibit NE storage

Effect:
- reversible inhibitor of VMAT

Use:
- chorea in Huntington’s disease

Pharmacology - FTCM 1 (8 decks)

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