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D2 > MNT part 2 & Dialysis > Flashcards

MNT part 2 & Dialysis Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid disease

  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Hypothyroidism
A
  1. Increase BMR

2. Decrease in BMR: weight gain

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2
Q

Why diet for arthritis?

A

anti-inflammatory

*omega 3

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3
Q

5 high phosphorus foods

A

Dairy, cheese, yogurt, soda, processed meats

* high phos pulls out calcium from bones

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4
Q

Ketogenic diet

A
  • designed for kids w/ epilepsy
  • 90% fat
  • Mcts (rapid metabolism)
  • 4g Fat to 1g of non-fat
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5
Q

6 high potassium foods

A

Banana, tomato, avocado, potato, spinach, oranges

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6
Q

what does each lead to:

  1. neuropathy
  2. retinopathy
  3. Nephropathy
A
  1. neuropathy: peripheral and autonomic; gastroparesis
  2. retinopathy: leads to blindness
  3. Nephropathy: decreased kidney function
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7
Q

Prader-willi syndrome

A

High Ghrelin levels (hunger!)

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8
Q

Obesity BMI

  1. Class 1:
  2. Class 2:
  3. Class 3:
A
  1. Class 1: 30 - 34.9
  2. Class 2: 35 - 39.9
  3. Class 3: >40
    * 3500 = 1lb
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9
Q

Gastric bypass requirement

A
  • needs to try to lose weight w/ diet
    1. BMI of 40 or greater
    2. BMI of 35 w/ co-morbidities
  • multi vitamins are needed after surgery
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10
Q

ADHD (diet)

A

B/c meds will cause to lose weight

* needs to understand ^ to provide adequate kcals

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11
Q

Goiter (diet)

A

Enlargement of thyroid

  1. needs iodine (fish)
  2. Free of goitrogens
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12
Q

Burns/Trauma

A

*low albumin, C-RP and high inflammation
so
- increase vita C, Zinc
- adequate kcal & protein

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13
Q

CKD stage 3 pro and level

A

GFR: 30-59
pro: .6-.8g/kg

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14
Q

CKD stage 4 pro and level

A

GFR: 15-29
pro: .6-.8g/kg

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15
Q

Consequences of high potassium

A

Cardiac complications

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16
Q

Cerebral palsy diet

  1. spastic
  2. non-spastic
A
  1. Difficult to move
    - low kcal, high fluid, high fiber
  2. Can move better
    - more kcal, more protein, finger foods
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17
Q

Alzheimers disease

A
  • make sure they can chew and swallow
  • make sure they are hydrated
  • not distracted
  • same meal times
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18
Q

EBB and flow response

A

Catabolic response following trauma

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19
Q

Latrogenic malnutrition

A

Caused by the hospital (treatment and meds)

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20
Q

Autism spectrum disorders

A

Very pricey eaters!

- communicate to keep offering foods

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21
Q

AIDS pt diet

A

“the least amount of food disease exposure possible”

  • fruits w/ thick peels
  • cook all foods throughly
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22
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

*distorted body image
“nervosa” is because it is mental-like
Anorexia is starving

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23
Q

Bulimia

A

*damage to teeth and throat (this is the focus as an RD)

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24
Q

Where does vita D get activated and what is it called

A
  1. Kidney

2. Calcitriol

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25
Q

Maple syrup urine disease

A

Inborn error metabolism (infant)

  • restrict BCAA
  • Provide adequate energy from CHO & Fat
  • small feedings
26
Q

Stage 1 CKD protein and level

A

GFR >90

Pro: .8-1.4g/kg

27
Q

CKD Stage 2 protein and level

A

GFR 60-89

Protein: .8-1.4g/kg

28
Q

Marasmus

A

Protein and kcal starvation (causes muscle wasting)

29
Q

Paralysis (diet)

A
  • could be from stroke

Highly likely to get pressure ulcers

30
Q

Pressure ulcers needs (3)

A

Zinc, VIta C and Protein

31
Q

Consequences for high phosphorus

A
  • bone fractures
  • Darkening of skin
  • Itching
32
Q

Who is more likely for osteoporotic fracture

A

White women and asian women

33
Q

NND (meanning)

A

National dysphagia diet

34
Q

NND1

A

Pureed, pudding like (ice cream)

35
Q

Chemotherapy (treatment)

A

Radiation can cause loss of B2 vitamin, will cause mouth “injuries.” (like dry mouth)

36
Q

Healthy Kidneys will (6)

A
  • Remove waste products
  • remove excess fluid (urine)
  • Control BP
  • Regulate K/Na
  • Make RBC
  • Activate Vita D
37
Q

Acute Hypoglucose

  1. what to do (3)
  2. Treatment (2)
A
  1. What to do:
    - If <70mg/dL, begin w/ 15g CHO
    - Wait 15min, is still under 70mg/dL give another 15g CHO
    - Repeat until normal
  2. Treatment
    - Insulin
    - Rehydration
38
Q

Homocystinurias

*what is needed

A
  • excessive excretion of homocystine in urine

- Need supplement of Folate and B12

39
Q

Galactosemia

A
  • Don’t breastfeed inf if they have this
    This is the only disease that diet is the cure and stay away from galactose and lactose
  • Soy is good
40
Q

NDD3

A

Transition to regular foods (avoid crunchy and hard foods)

41
Q

Renal diet (5)

A
  1. low phosphorus
  2. Low potassium
  3. Low Na
  4. Adequate protein
  5. 48oz fluid/day
42
Q

NND2

A

Moist, soft-texture foods, (soft pancakes)

43
Q

COPD pt diet

A

High frequent meals w/ high fats

44
Q

ESRD: HD level and Pro

A

GFR <15

Pro: 1.2g/kg

45
Q

Peritoneal (4)

A
  • Everyday
  • More protein and K allowed
  • Catheter is implanted
  • done at home
46
Q

Function of Dialysis

A
  • Remove unwanted toxins/waste
  • Remove excess fluid
  • Prevent salts and electrolytes from accumulating
47
Q

Hemodialysis(4)

A
  • 3-4 times week
  • Less protein and potassium
  • Use of demodialyzer
  • Done at dialysis center
48
Q

National Cholesterol Education program (5 things to do)

A
  • up to 35% cals from fat
  • 25-30g Fiber
  • Stanols and sterols inhibit cholesterol
  • Maintain DBW
  • Increase PA to 30 mins most days
49
Q

Diet for Addison’s disease

A

Adrenal cortex insufficiency

- high protein, frequeng feedings and high salt

50
Q

ESRD: PD GFT and Pro

A

GFR <15

Pro: 1.2-1.3g/kg

51
Q

Phosphorous binding meds

A

“binds” phos out of the stomach bisphosphonate (can cause fractures)

52
Q

Heart Failure (diet 3)

A 
* heart not able to pump
Treatment
- meds
- dash diet (low Na)
- high protein! 1.1-1.4g/kg
-B12 and multivitamin
53
Q

W/ Fever and Infection

A

BMR will increase 7% w/ each degree after 98.6F

54
Q

Hemodialysis Side Effects

A
  • High K levels
  • low BP
  • Anemia
55
Q

Peritoneal side effects

A
  • High blood
  • Weight gain
  • Fever and abdominal pain
56
Q

Glycogen storage disease (and diet)

A

Liver can’t covert glycogen to glucose

* so need high carb, low fat diet

57
Q

Urea cycle defects (diet)

A
  • ammonia accumlates in teh body

- low protein needed

58
Q

Gout (diet)

A
  1. low purines (no fish)
  2. No alcohol
  3. Moderate protein
59
Q

Metabolic syndrome 5 categories

A
  1. Elevate blood pressure
  2. Elevate TG
  3. Fasting Serum Glucose >100 mg
  4. Waist measurement
  5. Low HDL
    * 3 or more is metabolic syndrome
60
Q

PKU (diet)

A
  • low carb diet (b/c high carb can cause cavities)

- Low protein

61
Q

Neoplastic disease (avoid?)

A
  1. Protein kcal malnutrition
  2. Fluid and electrolytes imbalances
    * avoid red meat

D2 (7 decks)

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