1.1.2-1.1.4

Question 1

inflammatory pain allows fow

Answer 1

further sensitivity to allow for healing

Question 2

initiated by a noxious stimuli including mechanical, thermal, or chemical

Answer 2

transduction

Question 3

conversion of a chemical signal into an electrical signal via voltage gated sodium channel,

how are they transmitted?

Answer 3

conduction
a-delta fibers, c fibers

Question 4

primary afferent nociceptice neurons, relay noxious info to dorsal horn in spinal cord

Answer 4

tranmission

Question 5

area where noxious signals can be selectively inhibited or amplified, modifies the transmission of the signals to the higher centers of the brain

Answer 5

modulation

Question 6

duration of acute pain, chronic pain, and subacute pain

Answer 6

not longer than 30 days usually
lasting longer than 3 months
present between 6 weeks to 3 months

Question 7

pain that arises form actual or threated damage to non neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors

Answer 7

nociceptive pain

Question 8

pain caused by lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system

Answer 8

neuropathic pain

Question 9

pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of theatened tissue damage causing activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain

Answer 9

nociplastic pain (centralized pain, central sensitization)

Question 10

common symptoms?
widespread pain, multiple regions of the boyd
common low impact activity causes pain
some report sensitivity to odors, sounds, light
associated with short term memory issues
associated with anxiety in some patients

Answer 10

nociplastic pain

main characteristics are allodynia and hyperalgesia

Question 11

abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked–not unpleasant

Answer 11

paresthesia

Question 12

abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or provoked–always unpleasant

Answer 12

dysesthesia

Question 13

treatment options for nociceptive pain

Answer 13

NSAIDs, APAP, Opioids, interventional (injections), behavioral intervention, exercise (somatic)

Question 14

treatment options for neuropathic pain

Answer 14

opioids (+/-), anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin), analgesic antidepressants (TCAs, SNRIs) behavioral and exercise

Question 15

treatment options for neoplastic pain

Answer 15

anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin), analgesic antidepressants (TCAs, SNRIs) behavioral and exercise

Question 16

10 step approach

Answer 16

location-duration-onset-characteristics-severity and pain goal- aggravating factors, relieving factors - associate symptoms (L-DOC-SARA)

Question 17

5 A’s

Answer 17

analgesia
activities
adverse effects
aberrant drug behaviors ( early refills, signs of drug/alcohol abuse, manipulative behaviors)
affect

Question 18

SUD-5 C’s

Answer 18

control, loss of
compulsive use
craving drug
continued use
chronic problem

Question 19

OPQRSTUV

Answer 19

onset-provoking-quality-region/radiation-severity-treatment-understanding impact of You-values

Question 20

dimensional scales

Answer 20

visual analog scale
numeric rating scale
faces pain scale

Question 21

multidimesional scales

Answer 21

McGill pain questionnaire, brief pain inventory

Question 22

PEG scale

Answer 22

pain, enjoyment, general activity

Question 23

pain assesment scales for cognitively intact

Answer 23

numeric rating, faces pain scale, iowa pain thermometer

Question 24

pain assessment scales for cognitively impaired

Answer 24

PAINAD, PACSLAC, PACSLAC 2

Question 25

scales used in children

Answer 25

FLACC scales (2 months years) or individuals unable to communicate pain N-PASS (neonatal)

Question 26

what kind of assessment is a DN4

Answer 26

neuropathic pain assessment completed by MD in office, distinguishes neuropathic pain from nociceptive pain >/= 4 indicates neuropathic pain

Question 27

i wonder whether something serious may happen i become afraid that the pain will get worse i keep thinking of other painful events

Answer 27

magnification

Question 28

i anxiously want the pain to go away i can't seem to get it out of my mind i keep thinking about how much it hurts i keep thinking about how badly i want the pain to stop

Answer 28

rumination

Question 29

i worry all the time about whether it will end its awful and i feel that it overwhelms me

Answer 29

helplessness

Question 30

what are the two broad goals of pain management

Answer 30

improve function and relieve pain

Question 31

what is the effect of ice

Answer 31

slows movement of blood which can help in reducing swelling and subsequently reducing pain use for acute inflammatory injuries, evidence of swelling, can also slow bleeding acute injury: ice (48-72 hours)

Question 32

what is the effect of heat

Answer 32

increases flow of blood and nutrients to the treated area of the body, reduces toxins, promotes healing, use for joint stiffness and muscle spasms acute injury delay use of heat for 48-72 hours after injury

Question 33

cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 33

a structured approach that focuses on relationships between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

Question 34

teaches how to calm your mind and body to improve the ability to cope with illness, stress, and pain -combination of body awareness, mindfulness,, meditation, and yoga; developed into an 8 week program that includes intensive group sessions and homework

Answer 34

mindfulness-based stress reduction

Question 35

activities patients can do to help manage pain by improving overall self-care and lowering stress levels

Answer 35

pain self management strategies