11.2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is free trade?
Trade between countries without quotas, tariffs, or other restrictions.
What does it mean to repeal a law?
To cancel a law.
What was the abolition movement?
The campaign against slavery and the slave trade.
What is a capital offense?
A crime punishable by death.
What is a penal colony?
A settlement to which convicts were sent (e.g., Australia).
Who are absentee landlords?
Landowners who own large estates but do not live on them.
What is home rule?
Local self-government, especially relating to Irish demands for autonomy from Britain.
Who was Emmeline Pankhurst?
A British suffragist who led violent protests for women’s voting rights in the early 1900s.
Who was Queen Victoria (on suffrage)?
She opposed women’s suffrage, calling it a “mad, wicked folly.”
Who was Daniel O’Connell?
Irish nationalist leader who demanded “Ireland for the Irish” and won Irish Catholics the right to vote and hold office in 1829.
Who was Charles Stewart Parnell?
A moderate Irish nationalist who led the push for home rule in the 1870s.
What major social and economic reforms did Britain pass between 1815 and 1914?
Laws for free trade, abolition of slavery, reduced capital offenses, better working conditions, legalized unions, public health, housing, education, and social welfare protections.
What were the Corn Laws, and why were they controversial?
Tariffs on grain that kept food prices high to protect British farmers; repealed in 1846 after pressure from free traders who wanted cheaper food.
What was Britain’s role in the slave trade, and how did that change?
Britain banned the slave trade in 1807 and abolished slavery in all colonies by 1833.
What changes were made to the criminal justice system in the 1800s?
Capital offenses were limited to serious crimes (murder, arson, treason, piracy), public hangings were ended, and debt imprisonment was outlawed.
What prison reforms were introduced?
Improved conditions and establishment of penal colonies like in Australia.
What labor laws were passed in the 1800s?
• 1842: No women or children under 10 in mines
• 1847: 10-hour workday for women and children
• Later laws set working hours and wages
What happened with trade unions in Britain during the 1800s?
• Legalized in 1825
• Strikes remained illegal until later
• Unions gradually grew, booming from 1890 to 1914
What reforms did Disraeli and Gladstone each support?
• Disraeli: Public health and housing reforms
• Gladstone: Free elementary education and merit-based civil service jobs
What was the Fabian Society?
A socialist group (formed in 1883) that promoted nonviolent reform through legislation.
What was the Labour Party, and when was it formed?
A major British political party formed in 1900 by socialists and workers, rising to power by the 1920s.
What kind of social welfare laws were passed in early 1900s Britain?
Protections for workers including accident, health, unemployment, and old-age pensions.
How did these reforms affect socialism and communism in Britain?
Reforms prevented Marxism and communism from gaining much support.
What tactics did suffragists use?
Some led violent protests (e.g., Pankhurst), while others used hunger strikes.
