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Science > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment?

A

What is ecology.

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1
Q

What is one way alligators and other organisms interact?

1) alligators dig holes.
2) alligators escape from the heat.
3) alligators swim.
4) fish use holes dug by alligators.

A

D! Fish use holes dug by alligators.

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2
Q

What do you call the part of the environment in which all of the organisms that live together and interact with one another?

A

The biotic part of the environment.

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3
Q

What do you call the part of the environment that consists of the non-living factors, such as air, water, temperature, soil and light?

A

The abiotic part of the environment.

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4
Q

Is an alligator biotic or abiotic?

A

An alligator is biotic.

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5
Q

Is a gar biotic or abiotic?

A

A gar is biotic.

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6
Q

Is the temperature biotic or abiotic?

A

Abiotic.

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7
Q

Is water biotic or abiotic?

A

Abiotic.the ocean, the air, and all areas of the Earth where life is are all parts of the __________ level of organization.

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8
Q

Are plants biotic or abiotic?

A

Biotic.

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9
Q

Are rocks biotic or abiotic?

A

Abiotic.

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10
Q

A group of seaside sparrows competing for food, nesting space and mates in a salt marsh is an example of the _________ level of environmental organization.

A

Population.

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11
Q

List the four species in the salt marsh community.

A

Seaside sparrows, periwinkle snails, marsh crabs and cordgrass.

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12
Q

List three ways that species in the salt marsh community use cordgrass.

A

Seaside sparrows use it to build nests.
Periwinkle snails eat algae that grow on the cordgrass.
Marsh crabs eat cordgrass.

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13
Q

An ecosystem is made up of a community of organisms and the __________ parts of the environment such as temperature, soil & water.

A

Abiotic

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14
Q 
Put these 5 levels of Environmental organization In order from smallest to largest.
Population
biosphere 
individual organism
ecosystem 
community
A 
Individual organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
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15
Q

This consists of all of the populations of species that live and interact in an area.

A

Community

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16
Q

Within the salt marsh, Each animal is part of a ________ or a group of individuals of the same species that live together

A

Population.

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17
Q

An ________ is made up of a community of organisms and the abiotic environment of the community.

A

Ecosystem.

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18
Q

The __________ is the part of the earth where life exists it extends from the deepest parts of the ocean to High in the air where plant spores drift.

A

Biosphere.

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19
Q

To survive living things need

a) grasslands b) energy c) clothing or d) species

A

B) energy

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20
Q

What 3 groups can animals be divided into based on how they get energy?

A

The three groups of animals are 1) producers 2) consumers 3) decomposers

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21
Q

Organisms that use sunlight directly to make food are called ________

A

Producers

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22
Q

Producers use a process called ________ to make food

A

Photosynthesis

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23
Q

Herbivores carnivores and omnivores that eat other organisms are known as ___________

A

Consumers

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24
Q

A consumer that only eats plants is a _________

A

Herbivore

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25
Q

A consumer that only eats animals is a _________

A

Carnivore

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26
Q

A consumer that eats plants and animals is called a __________

A

Omnivore

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27
Q

An example of a herbivore is a_________

A

Prairie dog

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28
Q

An example of an omnivore is a

A

Grasshopper mouse

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29
Q

Omnivores that eat dead plants and animals are called

A

Scavengers

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30
Q

Organisms that breakdown dead organisms to get energy are called

A

Decomposers

31
Q

List two decomposers

A

Bacteria and fungi

32
Q

A simple diagram that shows how energy in food flows from one organism to another is a

A

Food chain

33
Q

A food chain does not show energy connections in nature as accurately as a food _________ does

A

Web

34
Q

In food webs and food chains does the arrow point toward the plant or animal doing the eating or the one that is eaten

A

The animal doing the eating

35
Q

List the two main food webs on earth

A

Land and aquatic food web

36
Q

Why isn’t all of the energy that grass gets from sunlight passed on to the prairie dogs that eat the grass

A

Because grass uses some energy for itself

37
Q

The diagram that shows an ecosystems loss of energy at each level of the food chain is known as

A

The energy pyramid

38
Q

When gray wolves were wiped out as the wilderness was settled what happened to the grass and elk in some areas

A

The elk had an overpopulation which led to overgrazing and that left little grass for the other grass eating animals to live on

39
Q

What effect does the US Fish and wildlife service think the return of wolves will have in Yellowstone National Park

A

They think the return of wolves will restore the natural energy flow in the area, bring populations back into balance, and help restore the park’s natural integrity

40
Q

Why are ranchers near Yellowstone worried about wolves returning

A

They are worried about wolves because the wolves might eat their livestock

41
Q

How have three populations of organisms changed since the reestablishment of wolves in Yellowstone National Park

A

Plants since last less elk are eating it, snowshoe hares because they have more plants to eat and foxes because there are more snowshoe hares that are surviving

42
Q

In a natural community population sizes vary because

A

The populations all affect one another

43
Q

When a frog lays hundreds of eggs in a small pond what happens to the population of frogs in the pond

A

The population stays the same because the frogs interact with the biotic and abiotic factors in the pond

44
Q

A resource so scarce that it limits the size of a population is called a

A

Limiting factor

45
Q

In what way can food become a limiting factor

A

When a population becomes too large for the amount of food available

46
Q

The largest population that an environment can support is called it’s

A

Carrying capacity

47
Q

What happens when a population grows larger than its carrying capacity

A

Limiting factors in the environment cause individuals to die off or leave

48
Q

Ecologists have listed for ways that species and individuals affect each other

A

Competition
predator and prey
Symbiosis and
Coevolution

49
Q

Clownfish live among the venomous tentacles of the sea anemone they are protected from predators and they keep the Sea anemone clean. What is this called

A

Mutualism

50
Q

Barnacles attach themselves to the shells of crabs. the barnacles receive a home the crab is unaffected what is this called

A

Commensalism

51
Q

Bees use flower nectar for food and they carry flower pollen to other flowers allowing the flower to reproduce

A

Mutualism

52
Q

Dutch Elm disease is caused by a fungus that grows and feeds on Elm trees the fungus destroys the trees what is this called

A

Parasitism

53
Q

Orchids grow in tree branches they receive light and their roots get water from the air. the tree is not affected what is this called

A

Commensalism

54
Q

Small mites live on your skin eating dead skin cells. you don’t even notice. what is this called

A

Commensalism

55
Q

Lichens are composed of a fungus and alga. the alga makes food through photosynthesis the fungus absorbs water and minerals from the environment. the food and water are both used by the fungus and the alga. What is this called

A

Mutualism

56
Q

Tapeworms live in the intestines of cats and absorb nutrients from the food the cats eat. the cats do not get enough nutrients. what is this called

A

Parasitism

57
Q

When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resource it is called what

A

Competition

58
Q

Give an example of competition between individuals within a population and of competition between populations

A

The Elks in Yellowstone National Park are herbivores that compete with each other for the same food plants in the park

59
Q

What word is used for an organism that eats another organism

A

Predator

60
Q

What word is used for an organism that is eaten

A

Prey

61
Q

List two adaptation’s predators use to catch prey

A

Speed and some ambushed their prey

62
Q

This two ways prey have adapted to avoid predators

A

Prey can run away and camouflage themselves

63
Q

Give two examples of animals using defensive chemicals against predators

A

The skunk and the bombardier beetle

64
Q

How can being bright red, yellow or orange help an animal avoid predators

A

Because they won’t eat them if they have patterns associated with pain illness or unpleasant experiences

65
Q

A close long-term association between two or more species is called

A

Symbiosis

66
Q

What are The three types of symbiosis

A

Mutualism commensalism and parasitism

67
Q

Both Organisms benefit in the type of symbiosis called

A

Mutualism

68
Q

When one organism benefits and the other is unaffected the symbiotic relationship is called

A

Commensalism

69
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called

A

Parasitism

70
Q

And parasitism the organism that benefits is called the

A

Parasite

71
Q

The organism that is harmed by a parasite is called the

A

Host

72
Q

Do most parasites kill their hosts why or why not

A

No because if they do that means they have to find another host

73
Q

What name is given to a long-term change that takes place in two species because of their close interactions with one another

A

Convolution. The ant and the Aciacia tree are a good example because the ants protect the tree and the tree feeds the ants

74
Q

Describe an example of coevolution between a flower and it’s pollinator

A

An example is a bat and a flower. the bat gets pollen on it after visiting the flower the next flower the bat goes to will have the other plant’s pollen. the flower will repopulate

Science (20 decks)

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