Abraham Maslow

Question 1

Life of Maslow

Answer 1

• Unaffectionate & rejecting mother, favoured siblings
• Hostile towards father
• Difficult childhood

Question 2

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 2

Arranged from strongest to weakest, activates & directs behaviour

Lower needs must be partially satisfied before high needs become influential

Question 3

Instinctiod

Answer 3

Needs in hierarchy are innate (hereditary)

• Can be affected or overridden by learning, social expectations and fear or disproval
• Equipped at birth

Question 4

Characteristics

Answer 4

Higher needs appear later in life

Physiological & safety - infancy

Belongingness and esteem: adolescences

Self actualization: midlife

Question 5

Deficit needs

Answer 5

Lower needs

Failure to satisfy produces deficit in individual

Question 6

Growth (being) needs

Answer 6

Higher needs
Less necessary for survival but lead to health
Psychological benefits

Question 7

Physiological Needs

Answer 7

• Food, water, sex

- Survival needs

Question 8

Belongingness and Love Needs

Answer 8

• Need to give and receive love
• Expressed through relationships or social experiences
• Failure to meet need is fundamental cause of emotional maladjustment

Question 9

Esteem Needs

Answer 9

Self-worth: esteem from ourselves

Status and recognition:

• Esteem from others
• Confident of strength, worth, etc will help become more competent
• failure to satisfy leads to inferiority and helplessness

Question 10

Self Actualization Need

Answer 10

• Fullest development of self
• Max realization and fulfillment
• If not self-actualized, restless, frustrated, discontent
• Must be free from constraints (social or self), not distracted by lower needs, secure in self and relationships, realistic knowledge of self

Question 11

Cognitive Needs

Answer 11

• Second set of innate needs
• Need to know (stronger) and understand
• Not in hierarchy
• Appears in late infancy to early childhood

-Failure to satisfy = harmful to development and personality

Question 12

Metamotivation (B-Motivation or Being)

Answer 12

Motivation of self-actualizers
Motivated from within
No a deficiency motivation: striving to make up for lack of something

Question 13

Metaneeds

Answer 13

Sates of being towards which self-actualizers evolve

Not specific goals

Question 14

Metapathology

Answer 14

Failure to satifsy metaneeds

Prevents self actualizers from expressing/using full potential

Question 15

Questions about Human Nature

Answer 15

Optimistic: confidence in ability to shape life, human nature is good, evil results from inappropriate environment

Uniqueness: motivation and needs are universal, how they are satisfied is unique

Question 16

Assessment

Answer 16

Work on self-actualization did not begin as formal program

Interviews and biographies

Question 17

Criticisms

Answer 17

Lack of experimental data
Small Sample Size
Inconsistent and vague method
Self actualizers lack specificity