Diabetic retinopathy Flashcards
1
Q
structures damaged by hyperglycaemia
A
- retinal small vessels
- endothelial cells
2
Q
increased vascular permeability (endothelial cells) leads to what three things
A
- leakage from blood vessels
- blot haemorrhages
- hard exudates
3
Q
damage to vessel walls leads to (2)
A
- microaneurysms
- venous beading
4
Q
damage to nerve fibres leads to
A
cotton wool spots
5
Q
what are intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IMA)
A
dilated tortuous capillaries: shunt between a & v
6
Q
summarise 5 key findings in diabetic retinopathy
A
- cotton wool spots
- microaneurysms
- hard exudates
- blot haemorrhage
- neovascularisation
7
Q
mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy criteria
A
microaneurysms
8
Q
moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy criteria
A
- microaneurysms
- blot haemorrhage
- hard exudates
- cotton wool spots
- venous beading
9
Q
severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy criteria
A
- blot haemorrhage AND
- microaneurysms in 4 quadrants
- venous beading in 2 quadrants
- IMA in any quadrant
10
Q
proliferative diabetic retinopathy criteria
A
- neovascularisation
- vitreous haemorrhage
11
Q
diabetic maculopathy criteria
A
- macula oedema
- ischaemic maculopathy
12
Q
complications of diabetic retinopathy
A
- retinal detachment
- vitreous haemorrhage
- rebeosis iridis
- optic neuropathy
- cataracts
13
Q
mx diabetic retinopathy
A
- laser photocoagulation
- anti-VEGF
- vitreoretinal surgery
