Module 4: Immunity Flashcards
Describe the different between active and passive immunity
Active - the immune system makes antibodies.
Passive - antibodies are given, the body does not make them.
What type of immunity is vaccination
Active artificial
Type of immunity from antibodies in breast milk
Passive neutral
Type of immunity does chicken pox give
Active neutral
Explain how a vaccination gives you long term immunity against a pathogen
A vaccine contains the antigens of the pathogen.
Clonal selection occurs of the complementary B and T lymphocytes.
Differentiation occurs.
Memory B and T lymphocytes are produced.
The memory cells stay in the blood.
If the pathogen enters your blood naturally
The memory cells can differentiate quickly.
Lots of antibodies are produces quickly.
You don’t get any symptoms of the disease.
State two examples of autoimmune diseases. For each one describe the symptoms.
Lupus - Immune system attacks cells in the connective tissue. Causes inflammation.
Rheumatoid arthritis - Immune system attacks joints. Causes pain and inflammation.
Describe what is meant by an autoimmune disease.
The immune system recognises antigens in the body as foreign.
There is an immune response against the body’s tissues.
Explain why the flu vaccine has to be changed every year
The flu virus has a high rate of mutation.
Therefore the antigens on the surface change rapidly.
And there are lots of strains of the virus.
New vaccines are developed each year.
The vaccine that is most effective against the current strain is used.
Explain how vaccination programmes can prevent disease epidemics
This is called herd immunity.
If most people are vaccinated the disease becomes extremely rare.
the people who aren’t vaccinated are also protected.
Type of immunity from injection of antibodies
Passive artificial
Type of immunity from antibodies crossing across the placenta
Passive neutral.
