Module 4: Classification, Evolution, Measuring and Maintaining Biodiversity Flashcards
Define classification
Arranging organisms into groups, based on their similarities and differences. Visible and genetic code.
Define taxonomy
The study of classification
Define phylogeny
The study of evolutionary history of groups of organisms
Explain relationship between classification and phylogeny
Closely related species will have more characteristics in common
The more recent the common ancestor the more closely related the species
The closer together the branches of the phylogenetic tree, the more closely related the species.
Describe how a binomial name should be written
Genus name then species name.
Capital letter for genus
Lowercase for species
Taxonomic hierarchy
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Outline characteristics of plantae
Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Cellulose cell walls
Autotrophs
Outline characteristics of animalia
Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Outline characteristics of fungi
Eukaryotes
Unicellular OR Multicellular
Chitin cell walls
Saprotrophic
Outline characteristics of protoctista
Eukaryotes
Unicellular OR Multicellular
Outline characteristics of prokaryotae
Prokaryotes
Unicellular
No nucleus
Outline the 3 domain systems
- Eukaryotes - animalia, plantae, fungi & protoctista
Prokaryotes split into bacteria and archaea due to differences in RNA polymerase structure in bacteria and archaea & bonds in lipids in cell membranes of bacteria and archaea are different.
- Bacteria
- Archaea - ancient bacteria
Explain the basis of the 5 Kingdom & 3 Domain classification systems
5 Kingdom system based on observable features.
3 Domains based on molecular evidence. eg DNA base sequencing, RNA base sequencing, amino acid sequences in proteins
State the 4 pieces of evidence now used to classify organisms
Molecular
Embryological
Anatomical
Behavioural
