Endocrine System ( Hormone Classification)

Question 1

What are the classifications of a Hormone? (3)

Answer 1

1) peptide/protein
2) Steroid
3) Amino acid derived

Question 2

How are peptides synthesized?

Answer 2

1) mRNA on ribosomes binds a.a into a preprohormone (peptide chain. It is directed into the ER lumen by signal squelch of a.a.
2) Enzymes in the ER chop off the signal sequence, creating a prohormone (inactive)
3) Prohormone passes from ER through golgi complex
4) Secretory vesicles containing enzymes and prohormone bud off the golgi. Enzymes chop the prohormone into one or more active peptides plus additional peptide fragments
5) Secretory vesicle releases its contents by exocytosis into the extracellular space
6) The hormone moves into circulation for transport to its target

Question 3

Insulin is what type of hormone?

Answer 3

-Peptide hormone

Question 4

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 4

-helps decrease blood sugar

Question 5

What is the function of Phosphodiesterase?

Answer 5

• removes cAMP in the cytosol

Question 6

What is the parent compound for all steroid hormones?

Answer 6

-cholesterol

Question 7

List different steroid hormones based on class lecture

Answer 7

• progesterone
• testosterone
• estrogen
• cortisol (stress hormone)
• aldosterone

Question 8

What is the parent amino acid for the synthesis of catecholamines and thyroid hormones?

Answer 8

-tyrosine

Question 9

What are the 2 types of amino acids derived hormones?

Answer 9

• Catecolamines

- thyroid hormones

Question 10

Name 3 different types of Catecholamines

Answer 10

• dopamine
• norepinephrine
• epinephrine

Question 11

What are 2 types of thyroid hormones?

Answer 11

• thyroxine

- triiodothyronine