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renal > renal physiology- glomelural filtration > Flashcards

renal physiology- glomelural filtration Flashcards

1
Q

what is a renal corpuscle?

A
  • glomerulus (tuft of capillaries)

- Bowmans capsule

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2
Q

describe the capillaries in the glomerulus?

A

-fenestrated capillaries

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3
Q

what cannot pass through the glomerulus?

A
  • formed elements (platelets, RBC, WBC) as they are too big

- negatively charged molecules as the GBM is negatively charged

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4
Q

what can pass through the glomerulus?

A
  • electrolytes (sodium ,potassium)
  • H20
  • small proteins
  • nutrients
  • waste products

as they are small enough to pass through the fenestrated pores of the glomerulus

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5
Q

what feeds the glomerulus and what drains the glomerulus?

A

feeds- afferent arteriole

drains- efferent arteriole

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6
Q

what are the three layers in the glomerular basement membrane?

A
  • lamina rara interna (faces endothelial cells made up of negatively charged heparin sulphate)
  • lamina densa (type 4 collagen and laminins)
  • lamina rara externa (faces podocytes made up of negatively charged heparin sulphate)
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7
Q

why does negatively charged albumin not enter the glomerulus?

A
  • as the glomerular basement membrane Is negatively charged as well meaning they will repel each other
  • GBM has 3 layers; lamina rara externa, lamina densa, lamina rara interna
  • lamina rara externa and interna are made up of heparin sulphate which is negatively charged
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8
Q

what is found between podocytes?

A

nephrin

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9
Q

what is the space between the podocytes called?

A

-the filtration slit (approx 35-30nm in diameter)

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10
Q

what does the nephrin do?

A
  • spans the filtration slit (slit diaphragm)

- only allows molecules less than 7 to 9 nm to pass between the podocytes

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11
Q

what do the juxtaglomelural cells secrete?

A

-renin

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12
Q

what occurs if a macromolecule that was not supposed to get through the glomerulus gets through and gets stuck in the slit diaphragm?

A

-the mesangial cells will go through phagocytosis and destroy it

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13
Q

role of mesangial cells?

A
  • phagocytose molecules stuck in the slit diaphragm
  • can cause vessels to contract controlling amount of blood that got into the afferent arteriole and into the capillaries
  • have gap junctions that connect to the juxta glomerular cells and can stimulate release of renin
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14
Q

what is the normal glomerular filtration rate?

A

125 ml/min

  • 1,200ml/min comes in the afferent arteriole
  • 625ml/min passes into the GBM while 575ml/min passes into the efferent arteriole
  • only 20% of stuff that attempts to get through the GBM actually manages to get through and and filtered
  • 20% of 625 is 125ml/min
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15
Q

what is the NFP (net filtration pressure) made up of?

A
  • pressure pushing things out

- pressure pulling things in

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16
Q

role of glomolerular hydrostatic pressure?

A

-pressure that tries to push the plasma components out of the capillary and into Bowman’s space

17
Q

average pressure of GHP (glomerular hydrostatic pressure)?

A

55mm/ Hg

18
Q

role of COP (colloid osmotic pressure)?

A
  • plasma proteins trying to keep the water from leaving the capillaries and going into Bowmans capsule
  • pushes things into the capillary
  • exerted by albumin
19
Q

average COP?

A

30mmHg

20
Q

what is CHP?

A
  • capsular hydrostatic pressure
  • the Bowman’s space decreases in diameter like a funnel, this can cause a build up of liquid and pressure (just like a funnel) causing a pressure that pushes up the way and back into the capillaries
21
Q

what is the average value of CHP?

A

15mmHg

22
Q

what causes things to be pushed out and pushed into the bowmans capsule?

A

GHP- tries to push things out of the capillary and into the bowmans capsule (55mmHg)
COP- tries to pull things into the capillaries from the Bowmans capsule, mediated by albumin, as it wants to keep water in plasma (30mmHg)
CHP- This tries to pull things into the capillaries from Bowmans capsule. Bowmans capsule is shapes like a funnel as it goes down, causing a backlog of fluid and increase in pressure causing CHP,

23
Q

what is the net filtation pressure (NFP)?

A

10mm/Hg

NFP= pressure of things getting pushed out - pressure pulling in
NFP= (GHP)- (COP-+ CHP)
NFP= (55)- (30 + 15)
NFP= 10mm/Hg
24
Q

what is the NFP directly proportional to?

A

GFR

increase in NFP= increase in GFR

25
Q

what affects the GFR?

A
  • NFP
  • surface area of glomerulus (larger SA, larger GFR)
  • permeability of glomerulus
26
Q

what affect does diabetic nephropathy have on GBM and why?

A
  • diabetic nephropathy may increase the thickness of GBM due to deposition of proteins
  • this will decrease GFR
27
Q

what affect may glomerulonephritis have on basement membrane?

A
  • glomerulonephritis can destroy basement membrane and make it very permeable
  • this can increase GFR
28
Q

what is KF?

A
  • filtration coefficiant

- this is the surface area of glomerulus and the permeability of glomerulus

29
Q

how can GFR be calculated using NFP and KF?

A

GFR= NFP x KF

30
Q

role of BP on GHP?

A

increase in BP increases GHP

decrease in BP decreases GHP

31
Q

role of proteins on COP?

A

increase in proteins increase in COP
decrease in proteins dereases COP

-this is because the proteins hold on to blood (albumin mediated) and COP wants H2O to stay in the blood

32
Q

what affect does renal calculi and hydronephrosis have on CHP?

A

this would increase CHP as it causes fluid to get pushed back up increasing pressure and decreasing GFR

renal (37 decks)

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