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Leeds MBCHB Year 4 CCC > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Ideal blood glucose concentration throughout the day

A

4.4 - 6.1 all day

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2
Q

What is insulin produced by

A

Beta cells in islets of langerhans in pancreas

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3
Q

two side effects of gliclazide

A

Weight gain and hypos

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4
Q

When can you not use pioglitazone

A

HF, high fracture risk (osteoporosis), bladder cancer

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5
Q

How does SGLT2 work (empagliflozin)

A

Increases urine glucose

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6
Q

When starting a statin what must you do

A

LFT and UE at start

LFTs 3 months later

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7
Q

Kidney disease associated with DM

A

glomerulosclerosis

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8
Q

HbA1C for prediabetes

A

42-47

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9
Q

Starting dose of metformin

A

500mg OD

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10
Q

Drug preferred for T2DM patients with cardiac disease after poor control with metformin

A

SGLT- 2 inhibitors (-gilfozin) glucose in urine

GLP-1 are not second line drugs but cardiopretective

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11
Q

How does metformin work and main side effects

A

Increases insulin sensitivity and reduces glucose production

Diarrhoea and abdominal pain
Lactic acidosis

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12
Q

How does pioglitazone work and main side effect

A

Increases insulin sensitivity and decreases liver production of glucose

Weight gain, fluid retention

HEART FAILURE AND MILD RISK OF BLADDER CANCER

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13
Q

How do the sulfonylurea drugs work

A

Increase insulin production from pancreas

Hypoglycaemia
weight gain
Increased risk of MI when used as mono therapy

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14
Q

How does DPP4 inhibitors work

A

Similar to GLP-1

Stop incretins break down (enzyme that is released after a big meal to deliver insulin and stop glucagon)

Sitagliptin

GI tract upset
URTI and pancreatitis

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15
Q

What DM medication cannot be used in a patient with chronic pancreatitis

A

DPP-4 inhibitor
-gliptin
Sitagliptin

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16
Q

A patient has bladder cancer and heart failure, which DM drug cannot be used

A

Pioglitazone

17
Q

What type of medication is sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

URTI, pancreatitis

18
Q

What levels of enzymes does sitagliptin effect

A

Inhibits DPP-4 therefore increases GLP-1

19
Q

What type of DM drug are the -tides

A

GLP-1 mimics

20
Q

What DM drug is given SC

A

Insulin (duh)

GLP-1 mimics

21
Q

Why are GLP1 mimics particularly good

A

Given SC once weekly

Weight loss

22
Q

GLP 1 side effects

A

GI upset
Weight loss
Dizziness

Low risk of hypoglycaemia

23
Q

How do SGLT-2 inhibitors work, side effects and names

A

-gilfozin

Reduce reabsorption of glucose in kidneys

Glucoseuria
UTIs
Weight loss
DKA
Lower limb amputation

Leeds MBCHB Year 4 CCC (7 decks)

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