Cardiology Flashcards
Hypertension
Risk of CVD within 5 years: <10% low, 10-15% moderate, >15% high
Ex: Pulse rate, Displaced apex beat (cardiomegaly), JVP/basal crepitation/pulsatile liver/peripheral oedema (CCF), palpable aortic aneurysm/radio-femoral delay, carotid/renal bruit (arterial disease), palpation of renal angle (polycystic kidneys), papilloedema/retinal haemorrhage, goitre/signs thyroid disease, >neck circumference (OSA), Elevated BMI, Skin hyperpigmentation/moon facies (Cushing’s), Proteinuria
Ix (Initial): FBE (Hb/hct), UEC, Lipids, Fasting BSL, uACR, ECG (AF/LVH/Previous IHD), Urine dipstick
Ix (Secondary not recommended for all patients): uACR, Renin:Alodosterone Ratio, Renal artery duplex ultrasound, TTE, Sleep study
Rx: ACEi, Statin, Repeat UEC+eGFR 7/7 post-ACEi, repeat uACR twice in 3/12, Lifestyle Mx: Excercise (150-300min mod intensity activity or 75-150min vigorous + 2/7 muscle strengthening exercise), weight control (BMI<25, Waist circ <94cm males <80cm females), Salt <6g/day, smoking cessation, Alcohol limitation (<2 std on any day <4 any one occasion)
